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25. Amir J, Harel L, Smetana Z, Varsano I. Treatment of herpes simplex gingivostomatitis with acyclovir in children: a randomized double blind placebo controlled study. J Pediatr 1998;132:185.
26. Balfour HH. Antiviral drugs. N Engl J Med 1999;340:1255–68. 27. Ho M, Chen ER, Hsu KH, et al. An epidemic of enterovirus 71
infection in Taiwan. N Engl J Med 1999;341:929. 28. Adler L, Epidemiologic investigation of hand-foot-and-mouth
disease. Am J Dis Child 1970;120:309. 29. Dueland AN. Latency and reactivation of varicella zoster virus
infections. Scand J Infect Dis 1996;100:46–50. 30. Morgan R, King D. Shingles: a review of diagnosis and man-
agement. Hosp Med 1998;59:770–6. 31. Lopes MA, de Souza Filho FJ, Jorge J Jr, de Almeida OP. Herpes
zoster infection as a differential diagnosis of acute pulpitis. J Endod 1998;24:143–4.
32. Petursson G, Helgason S, Gudmundsson S, Sigurdsson JA. Herpes zoster in children and adolescents. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998;17:905–8.
33. MacFarlane LL, Simmons MM, Hunter MH. The use of corticosteroids in the management of herpes zoster. J Am Board Fam Pract 1998;11:224–8.
34. Kost RG, Straus SE. Postherpetic neuralgia—pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention. N Engl J Med 1996;335:32–42.
35. Kost RG, Straus SE. Postherpetic neuralgia: predicting and preventing risk. Arch Intern Med 1997;157:1166–7.
36. McKenzie CD, Gobetti JP. Diagnosis and treatment of orofacial herpes zoster: report of cases. J Am Dent Assoc 1990;120:679.
37. Solomon CS, Coffiner MO, Chalfin HE. Herpes zoster revisited: implicated in root resorption. J Endod 1986;12:210.
38. Schwartz O, Kvorning SA. Tooth exfoliation, osteonecrosis of the jaw and neuralgia following herpes zoster of the trigeminal nerve. Int J Oral Surg 1982;11:364.
39. Wood MJ, Shukla S, Fiddian PA, Crooks RJ. Treatment of acute herpes zoster: effect of early (< 48 h) versus late (48–72 h) therapy with acyclovir and valacyclovir on prolonged pain. J Infect Dis 1998;178 Suppl 1:S81–4.
40. Menke JJ, Heins JR. Treatment of postherpetic neuralgia. J Am Pharm Assoc 1999;39:217–21.
41. Robotham M, Harden N, Stacey B, et al. Gabapentin for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 1998;280:1837–42.
42. Kazmierowski JA, Wuepper KD. Erythema multiforme: immune complex vasculitis of the superficial cutaneous microvasculature. J Invest Dermatol 1978;71:366.
43. Reed RJ. Erythema multiforme: a clinical syndrome and a histologic complex. Am J Dermatopathol 1985;7:143.
44. Roujeau J-C, Kelly JP, Naldi L, et al. Medication use and the risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1600–7.
45. Huff JC. Erythema multiforme and latent herpes simplex infection. Semin Dermatol 1992;11:207–10.
46. Aurelian L, Kokuba H, Burnett JW. Understanding the pathogenesis of HSV-associated erythema multiforme. Dermatology 1998;197:219–22.
47. Malo A, Kampgen E, Wank R. Recurrent herpes simplex virus induced erythema multiforme: different HLA-DQB1 alleles associate with severe mucous membrane versus skin attacks. Scand J Immunol 1998;47:408–11.
48. Weston WL, Morelli JG. Herpes simplex virus–associated erythema multiforme in prepubertal children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1997;151:1014–6.
49. Wojnarowska F Progesterone induced erythema multiforme. J R Soc Med 1985;78:407.
50. Kroonen LM. Erythema multiforme: case report and discussion. J Am Board Fam Pract 1998;11:63–5.
51. Chan HL, Stern RS, Arndt KA, et al. The incidence of erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. A population based study with particular reference to reactions caused by drugs among outpatients. Arch Dermatol 1990;126:43.
52. Stevens AM, Johnson FC. A new eruptive fever associated with stomatitis and ophthalmia. Am J Dis Child 1922;24:526.
53. Lever WF. My concept of erythema multiforme. Am J Dermatolpathol 1985;7:141.
54. Patterson R, Dykewicz MS, Gonzales A, et al. Erythema multiforme and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Descriptive and therapeutic controversy. Chest 1990;98:331.
55. Pisanty S, Tzukert A, Sheskin J. Erythema multiforme: a clinical study on ninety patients. Ann Dent 1986;45:23.
56. Fine JD. Drug therapy: management of acquired bullous skin diseases. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1475–84.
57. Rodenas JM, Herranz MT, Tercedor J. Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis: treatment with oophorectomy. Br J Dermatol 1998;139:508–11.
58. Tatnall FM, Schofield JK, Leight IM. A double-blind, placebocontrolled trial of continuous acyclovir therapy in recurrent erythema multiforme. Br J Dermatol 1995;132:267–70.
59. Patterson R, Miller M, Kaplan M, et al. Effectiveness of early therapy with corticosteroids in Stevens-Johnson syndrome: experience with 41 cases and a hypothesis regarding pathogenesis. Ann Allergy 1994;73:27–34.
60. Cheriyan S, Patterson R, Greenberger PA, et al. The outcome of Stevens-Johnson syndrome treated with corticosteroids. Allergy Proc 1995;16:151–5.
61. DeRossi SS, Greenberg MS. Intraoral contact allergy: a literature review and case reports. J Am Dent Assoc 1998;129:1435.
62. Pang BK, Freeman S. Oral lichenoid lesions caused by allergy to mercury in amalgam fillings. Contact Dermatitis 1995;33:423–7.
63. Marcusson JA. Contact allergies to nickel sulfate, gold sodium thiosulfate and palladium chloride in patients claiming sideeffects from dental alloy components. Contact Dermatitis 1996;34;320–3.
64. Rasanen L, Laimo K, Laine J, et al. Contact allergy to gold in dental patients. Br J Dermatol 1996;134:673–7.
65. Kowitz G, Jacobson J, Meng Z, Lucatorto F. The effects of tartar-control toothpaste on the oral soft tissue. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1990;70:529–36.
66. Sollecito TP, Greenberg MS. Plasma cell gingivitis: a report of two cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1992;73:690.
67. Alanko K, Kanerva L, Jolanki R, et al. Oral mucosal diseases investigated by patch testing with a dental screening series. Contact Dermatitis 1996;34:263–7.
23. Bagg J, Mannings A, Munso J, Walker DM. Rapid diagnosis of oral herpes simplex or zoster virus infections by immunofluorescence: comparison with Tzanck cell preparations and viral culture. Br Dent J 1989;167:235.
24. Penna JJ, Eskinazi DP. Treatment of oro-facial herpes simplex infections with acyclovir: a review. Oral Surg 1988;65:689.
25. Amir J, Harel L, Smetana Z, Varsano I. Treatment of herpes simplex gingivostomatitis with acyclovir in children: a randomized double blind placebo controlled study. J Pediatr 1998;132:185.
26. Balfour HH. Antiviral drugs. N Engl J Med 1999;340:1255–68. 27. Ho M, Chen ER, Hsu KH, et al. An epidemic of enterovirus 71
infection in Taiwan. N Engl J Med 1999;341:929. 28. Adler L, Epidemiologic investigation of hand-foot-and-mouth
disease. Am J Dis Child 1970;120:309. 29. Dueland AN. Latency and reactivation of varicella zoster virus
infections. Scand J Infect Dis 1996;100:46–50. 30. Morgan R, King D. Shingles: a review of diagnosis and man-
agement. Hosp Med 1998;59:770–6. 31. Lopes MA, de Souza Filho FJ, Jorge J Jr, de Almeida OP. Herpes
zoster infection as a differential diagnosis of acute pulpitis. J Endod 1998;24:143–4.
32. Petursson G, Helgason S, Gudmundsson S, Sigurdsson JA. Herpes zoster in children and adolescents. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998;17:905–8.
33. MacFarlane LL, Simmons MM, Hunter MH. The use of corticosteroids in the management of herpes zoster. J Am Board Fam Pract 1998;11:224–8.
34. Kost RG, Straus SE. Postherpetic neuralgia—pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention. N Engl J Med 1996;335:32–42.
35. Kost RG, Straus SE. Postherpetic neuralgia: predicting and preventing risk. Arch Intern Med 1997;157:1166–7.
36. McKenzie CD, Gobetti JP. Diagnosis and treatment of orofacial herpes zoster: report of cases. J Am Dent Assoc 1990;120:679.
37. Solomon CS, Coffiner MO, Chalfin HE. Herpes zoster revisited: implicated in root resorption. J Endod 1986;12:210.
38. Schwartz O, Kvorning SA. Tooth exfoliation, osteonecrosis of the jaw and neuralgia following herpes zoster of the trigeminal nerve. Int J Oral Surg 1982;11:364.
39. Wood MJ, Shukla S, Fiddian PA, Crooks RJ. Treatment of acute herpes zoster: effect of early (< 48 h) versus late (48–72 h) therapy with acyclovir and valacyclovir on prolonged pain. J Infect Dis 1998;178 Suppl 1:S81–4.
40. Menke JJ, Heins JR. Treatment of postherpetic neuralgia. J Am Pharm Assoc 1999;39:217–21.
41. Robotham M, Harden N, Stacey B, et al. Gabapentin for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 1998;280:1837–42.
42. Kazmierowski JA, Wuepper KD. Erythema multiforme: immune complex vasculitis of the superficial cutaneous microvasculature. J Invest Dermatol 1978;71:366.
43. Reed RJ. Erythema multiforme: a clinical syndrome and a histologic complex. Am J Dermatopathol 1985;7:143.
44. Roujeau J-C, Kelly JP, Naldi L, et al. Medication use and the risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1600–7.
45. Huff JC. Erythema multiforme and latent herpes simplex infection. Semin Dermatol 1992;11:207–10.
46. Aurelian L, Kokuba H, Burnett JW. Understanding the pathogenesis of HSV-associated erythema multiforme. Dermatology 1998;197:219–22.
47. Malo A, Kampgen E, Wank R. Recurrent herpes simplex virus induced erythema multiforme: different HLA-DQB1 alleles associate with severe mucous membrane versus skin attacks. Scand J Immunol 1998;47:408–11.
48. Weston WL, Morelli JG. Herpes simplex virus–associated erythema multiforme in prepubertal children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1997;151:1014–6.
49. Wojnarowska F Progesterone induced erythema multiforme. J R Soc Med 1985;78:407.
50. Kroonen LM. Erythema multiforme: case report and discussion. J Am Board Fam Pract 1998;11:63–5.
51. Chan HL, Stern RS, Arndt KA, et al. The incidence of erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. A population based study with particular reference to reactions caused by drugs among outpatients. Arch Dermatol 1990;126:43.
52. Stevens AM, Johnson FC. A new eruptive fever associated with stomatitis and ophthalmia. Am J Dis Child 1922;24:526.
53. Lever WF. My concept of erythema multiforme. Am J Dermatolpathol 1985;7:141.
54. Patterson R, Dykewicz MS, Gonzales A, et al. Erythema multiforme and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Descriptive and therapeutic controversy. Chest 1990;98:331.
55. Pisanty S, Tzukert A, Sheskin J. Erythema multiforme: a clinical study on ninety patients. Ann Dent 1986;45:23.
56. Fine JD. Drug therapy: management of acquired bullous skin diseases. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1475–84.
57. Rodenas JM, Herranz MT, Tercedor J. Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis: treatment with oophorectomy. Br J Dermatol 1998;139:508–11.
58. Tatnall FM, Schofield JK, Leight IM. A double-blind, placebocontrolled trial of continuous acyclovir therapy in recurrent erythema multiforme. Br J Dermatol 1995;132:267–70.
59. Patterson R, Miller M, Kaplan M, et al. Effectiveness of early therapy with corticosteroids in Stevens-Johnson syndrome: experience with 41 cases and a hypothesis regarding pathogenesis. Ann Allergy 1994;73:27–34.
60. Cheriyan S, Patterson R, Greenberger PA, et al. The outcome of Stevens-Johnson syndrome treated with corticosteroids. Allergy Proc 1995;16:151–5.
61. DeRossi SS, Greenberg MS. Intraoral contact allergy: a literature review and case reports. J Am Dent Assoc 1998;129:1435.
62. Pang BK, Freeman S. Oral lichenoid lesions caused by allergy to mercury in amalgam fillings. Contact Dermatitis 1995;33:423–7.
63. Marcusson JA. Contact allergies to nickel sulfate, gold sodium thiosulfate and palladium chloride in patients claiming sideeffects from dental alloy components. Contact Dermatitis 1996;34;320–3.
64. Rasanen L, Laimo K, Laine J, et al. Contact allergy to gold in dental patients. Br J Dermatol 1996;134:673–7.
65. Kowitz G, Jacobson J, Meng Z, Lucatorto F. The effects of tartar-control toothpaste on the oral soft tissue. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1990;70:529–36.
66. Sollecito TP, Greenberg MS. Plasma cell gingivitis: a report of two cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1992;73:690.
67. Alanko K, Kanerva L, Jolanki R, et al. Oral mucosal diseases investigated by patch testing with a dental screening series. Contact Dermatitis 1996;34:263–7.
68. Dreizen S, Bodey GP, Rodriquez V. Oral complications of cancer chemotherapy. Postgrad Med 1975;58:75.
69. Dreizen S, McCredie KB, Keating MJ. Chemotherapy induced oral mucositis in adult leukemia. Postgrad Med 1981;69:103.
70. Sonis ST. Mucositis as a biological process: a new hypothesis for the development of chemotherapy induced stomatotoxicity. Oral Oncol 1998;34:39.
71. Loesche WJ, Syed SA, Laughon BE, Stoll J. The bacteriology of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. J Periodontol 1982;53:223.
72. Giddon DB, Zackin SJ, Goldhaber P. Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in college students. J Am Dent Assoc 1964;68:381.
73. Winkler JR, Grassi M, Murray PA. Clinical description and etiology of HIV-associated periodontal diseases. In: Robertson PB, Greenspan JS, editors. Perspectives on oral manifestations of AIDS. Proceedings of First International Symposium on Oral Manifestations of AIDS. Littleton (MA): PSG Publishing Company; 1988. p. 49.
74. Holmstrup P, Westergaard J. HIV infection and periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000 1998;18:37.
75. Lamster IB, Grbic JT, Mitchell-Lewis DA, et al. New concepts regarding the pathogenesis of periodontal disease in HIV infection. Ann Periodontol 1998;3:62.
76. Enwonwu CO, Falker WA, Idigbe EO, Savage KO. Noma (cancrum oris) questions and answers. Oral Dis 1999;5:144.
77. Falker WA, Enwonwa CO, Idigbe EO. Microbiological understandings and mysteries of noma. Oral Dis 1999;5:150.
78. Roger RS. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis: clinical characteristics and associated systemic disorders. Semin Cutan Med Surg 1997;16:278–83.
79. Ship II, Ashe WK, Scherp HW. Recurrent “fever blister” and “canker sore” tests for herpes simplex and other viruses with mammalian cell cultures. Arch Oral Biol 1961;3:117.
80. Lennette EH, Magoffin RL. Virologic and immunologic aspects of major oral ulcerations. J Am Dent Assoc 1973;87:1055.
81. Peterson A, Hornsieth A. Recurrent aphthous ulceration: possible clinical manifestations of varicella zoster in cytomegalovirus infection. J Oral Pathol Med 1993;22:64–8.
82. Ghodratnama F, Riggio MP, Wray D. Search for human herpesvirus 6, human cytomegalovirus and varicella zoster virus DNA in current aphthous stomatitis tissue. J Oral Pathol Med 1997;26:192–7.
83. Scully C, Porter S. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis current concepts of etiology, pathogenesis and management. J Oral Pathol Med 1989;18:21.
84. Challacombe SJ, Barkhan P, Lehner T. Hematologic features and differentiation of recurrent oral ulcerations. Br J Oral Surg 1977;15:37.
85. Ship JJ. Epidemiologic aspects of recurrent aphthous ulcerations. Oral Surg 1972;33:400.
86. Miller MF, Garfunkel AA, Ram CA, Ship II. The inheritance of recurrent aphthous stomatitis observations on susceptibility. Oral Surg 1980;49:409.
87. Savage NW, Seymour AJ, Kruger BJ. Expression of class I and class II major histocompatibility complex antigens on epithelial cells in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. J Oral Pathol 1986;15:191.
88. Eversole LR. Immunopathogenesis of oral lichen planus and recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Semin Cutan Med Surg 1997;16:284–94.
89. Rogers RS, Hutton KP. Screening for haematinic deficiencies in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Aust J Dermatol 1986;27:98.
90. Ferguson MM, Wray D, Carmichael HA, et al. Coeliac disease associated with recurrent aphthae. Gut 1980;21:223.
91. Donatsky O, Bendixen G. In vitro demonstration of cellular hypersensitivity to Strep 2A in recurrent aphthous stomatitis by means of the leukocyte migration test. Acta Allergol 1972;27:137.
92. Thomas DW, Bagg J, Walker DM. Characterization of the effector cells responsible for the in vitro cytotoxicity of blood leucocytes from aphthous ulcer patients for oral epithelial cells. Gut 1990;31:294.
93. Hoover CI, Olson JA, Greenspan JA. Humoral responses and cross-reactivity to viridians streptococci in recurrent aphthous ulceration. J Dent Res 1986;65:1101.
94. Savage NW, Seymour GJ, Kruger BJ. T-lymphocyte subset changes in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Oral Surg 1985;60:175.
95. Greenspan JL, Gadol N, Olson JA, et al. Lymphocyte function in recurrent aphthous ulceration. J Oral Pathol 1985;14:592.
96. Burnett PR, Wray D. Tyler effects of serum and mononuclear leukocytes on oral epithelial cells in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1985;34:197.
97. Pedersen A, Klausen B, Hougen HP, Stenvang JP. T-lymphocyte subsets in recurrent aphthous ulceration. J Oral Pathol Med 1989;18:59.
98. Galliani EA, Infantolino D, Tarantello M, et al. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis: which role for viruses, food and dental materials? Ann Ital Med Int 1998;13:152–6.
99. Buno IJ, Huff JC, Weston WL, et al. Elevated levels of interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukins 2, 4, 5, but not interleukin 10, are present in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Arch Dermatol 1998;134:827–31.
100. Rennu JS, Reade PC, Hay KD, Scully C. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Br Dent J 1985;159:361.
101. Axell T, Henricsson V. Association between recurrent aphthous ulcers and tobacco habits. Scand J Dent Res 1985;93:239.
102. Hay KD, Reade PC. The use of elimination diet in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulceration in the oral cavity. Oral Surg 1984;57:504.
103. Chahine L, Sempson N, Wagoner C. The effect of sodium lauryl sulfate on recurrent aphthous ulcers: a clinical study. Comp Continu Educ Dent 1997;18:1238–40.
104. Healy CM, Paterson M, Joyston-Bechal S, et al. The effect of sodium lauryl sulfate-free dentifrice on patients with recurrent oral ulceration. Oral Dis 1999;5:39–43.
105. Saxen MA, Ambrosius WT, Rehemtula al-KF, Eckert GJ. Sustained relief of oral aphthous ulcer pain from topical diclofenac in hyaluronan: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997;84:356–61.
106. Wahba-Yahav AV. Pentoxifylline in intractable recurrent aphthous stomatitis: an open trial. J AM Acad Dermatol 1995;33:680.
107. Katz J, Langeritz P, Shemer J. Prevention of RAS with colchicines: an open trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994;31:459–61.
108. Tananis R, DeRossi S, Sollecito TP, Greenberg MS. Management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis with colchicine and pentoxifylline. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000;89:449.
69. Dreizen S, McCredie KB, Keating MJ. Chemotherapy induced oral mucositis in adult leukemia. Postgrad Med 1981;69:103.
70. Sonis ST. Mucositis as a biological process: a new hypothesis for the development of chemotherapy induced stomatotoxicity. Oral Oncol 1998;34:39.
71. Loesche WJ, Syed SA, Laughon BE, Stoll J. The bacteriology of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. J Periodontol 1982;53:223.
72. Giddon DB, Zackin SJ, Goldhaber P. Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in college students. J Am Dent Assoc 1964;68:381.
73. Winkler JR, Grassi M, Murray PA. Clinical description and etiology of HIV-associated periodontal diseases. In: Robertson PB, Greenspan JS, editors. Perspectives on oral manifestations of AIDS. Proceedings of First International Symposium on Oral Manifestations of AIDS. Littleton (MA): PSG Publishing Company; 1988. p. 49.
74. Holmstrup P, Westergaard J. HIV infection and periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000 1998;18:37.
75. Lamster IB, Grbic JT, Mitchell-Lewis DA, et al. New concepts regarding the pathogenesis of periodontal disease in HIV infection. Ann Periodontol 1998;3:62.
76. Enwonwu CO, Falker WA, Idigbe EO, Savage KO. Noma (cancrum oris) questions and answers. Oral Dis 1999;5:144.
77. Falker WA, Enwonwa CO, Idigbe EO. Microbiological understandings and mysteries of noma. Oral Dis 1999;5:150.
78. Roger RS. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis: clinical characteristics and associated systemic disorders. Semin Cutan Med Surg 1997;16:278–83.
79. Ship II, Ashe WK, Scherp HW. Recurrent “fever blister” and “canker sore” tests for herpes simplex and other viruses with mammalian cell cultures. Arch Oral Biol 1961;3:117.
80. Lennette EH, Magoffin RL. Virologic and immunologic aspects of major oral ulcerations. J Am Dent Assoc 1973;87:1055.
81. Peterson A, Hornsieth A. Recurrent aphthous ulceration: possible clinical manifestations of varicella zoster in cytomegalovirus infection. J Oral Pathol Med 1993;22:64–8.
82. Ghodratnama F, Riggio MP, Wray D. Search for human herpesvirus 6, human cytomegalovirus and varicella zoster virus DNA in current aphthous stomatitis tissue. J Oral Pathol Med 1997;26:192–7.
83. Scully C, Porter S. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis current concepts of etiology, pathogenesis and management. J Oral Pathol Med 1989;18:21.
84. Challacombe SJ, Barkhan P, Lehner T. Hematologic features and differentiation of recurrent oral ulcerations. Br J Oral Surg 1977;15:37.
85. Ship JJ. Epidemiologic aspects of recurrent aphthous ulcerations. Oral Surg 1972;33:400.
86. Miller MF, Garfunkel AA, Ram CA, Ship II. The inheritance of recurrent aphthous stomatitis observations on susceptibility. Oral Surg 1980;49:409.
87. Savage NW, Seymour AJ, Kruger BJ. Expression of class I and class II major histocompatibility complex antigens on epithelial cells in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. J Oral Pathol 1986;15:191.
88. Eversole LR. Immunopathogenesis of oral lichen planus and recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Semin Cutan Med Surg 1997;16:284–94.
89. Rogers RS, Hutton KP. Screening for haematinic deficiencies in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Aust J Dermatol 1986;27:98.
90. Ferguson MM, Wray D, Carmichael HA, et al. Coeliac disease associated with recurrent aphthae. Gut 1980;21:223.
91. Donatsky O, Bendixen G. In vitro demonstration of cellular hypersensitivity to Strep 2A in recurrent aphthous stomatitis by means of the leukocyte migration test. Acta Allergol 1972;27:137.
92. Thomas DW, Bagg J, Walker DM. Characterization of the effector cells responsible for the in vitro cytotoxicity of blood leucocytes from aphthous ulcer patients for oral epithelial cells. Gut 1990;31:294.
93. Hoover CI, Olson JA, Greenspan JA. Humoral responses and cross-reactivity to viridians streptococci in recurrent aphthous ulceration. J Dent Res 1986;65:1101.
94. Savage NW, Seymour GJ, Kruger BJ. T-lymphocyte subset changes in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Oral Surg 1985;60:175.
95. Greenspan JL, Gadol N, Olson JA, et al. Lymphocyte function in recurrent aphthous ulceration. J Oral Pathol 1985;14:592.
96. Burnett PR, Wray D. Tyler effects of serum and mononuclear leukocytes on oral epithelial cells in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1985;34:197.
97. Pedersen A, Klausen B, Hougen HP, Stenvang JP. T-lymphocyte subsets in recurrent aphthous ulceration. J Oral Pathol Med 1989;18:59.
98. Galliani EA, Infantolino D, Tarantello M, et al. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis: which role for viruses, food and dental materials? Ann Ital Med Int 1998;13:152–6.
99. Buno IJ, Huff JC, Weston WL, et al. Elevated levels of interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukins 2, 4, 5, but not interleukin 10, are present in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Arch Dermatol 1998;134:827–31.
100. Rennu JS, Reade PC, Hay KD, Scully C. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Br Dent J 1985;159:361.
101. Axell T, Henricsson V. Association between recurrent aphthous ulcers and tobacco habits. Scand J Dent Res 1985;93:239.
102. Hay KD, Reade PC. The use of elimination diet in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulceration in the oral cavity. Oral Surg 1984;57:504.
103. Chahine L, Sempson N, Wagoner C. The effect of sodium lauryl sulfate on recurrent aphthous ulcers: a clinical study. Comp Continu Educ Dent 1997;18:1238–40.
104. Healy CM, Paterson M, Joyston-Bechal S, et al. The effect of sodium lauryl sulfate-free dentifrice on patients with recurrent oral ulceration. Oral Dis 1999;5:39–43.
105. Saxen MA, Ambrosius WT, Rehemtula al-KF, Eckert GJ. Sustained relief of oral aphthous ulcer pain from topical diclofenac in hyaluronan: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997;84:356–61.
106. Wahba-Yahav AV. Pentoxifylline in intractable recurrent aphthous stomatitis: an open trial. J AM Acad Dermatol 1995;33:680.
107. Katz J, Langeritz P, Shemer J. Prevention of RAS with colchicines: an open trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994;31:459–61.
108. Tananis R, DeRossi S, Sollecito TP, Greenberg MS. Management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis with colchicine and pentoxifylline. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000;89:449.
109. Jacobson JM, Greenspan J, Spritzler N, et al. Thalidomide for the treatment of oral aphthous ulcers in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1487–93.
110. O’Duffy JD. Behçet’s syndrome. N Engl J Med 1990;322:326. 111. Kone-Paut I, Yurdakul S, Bahabri SA, et al. Clinical features of
Behçet’s disease in children: an international collaborative study of 86 cases. J Pediatr 1998;132:721–5.
112. Matsumoto T, Vekusa T, Fukuda Y. Vasculo-Behçet’s disease; a pathologic study of eight cases. Hum Pathol 1991;22:45.
113. O’Duffy JD. Vasculitis in Behçet’s disease. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1990;16:423.
114. Yasui K, Ohta K, Kobayashi M, et al. Successful treatment of Behçet disease with pentoxifylline. Ann Intern Med 1996; 124:891–3.
115. Benamour S, Zeroual B, Alaoui FZ. Joint manifestation in Behçet’s disease: a review of 340 cases. Rev Rhum 1998; 65:299-307.
116. Krause I, Uziel Y, Guedj D, et al. Mode of presentation and multisystem involvement in Behçet’s disease: the influence of sex and age of disease onset. J Rheumatol 1998;25:1566–9.
117. Imai H, Motegi M, Mizuki N, et al. Mouth and genital ulcers with inflamed cartilage (MAGIC syndrome): a case report and literature review. Am J Med Sci 1997;314:330–2.
118. International Study Group. Criteria for diagnosis of Behçet’s disease. Lancet 1990;335:1078.
119. Bang D. Treatment of Behçet’s disease. Yonsei Med J 1997; 38:401–10.
120. Yazici H, Yurdakul S, Hamuryudan V. Behçet’s syndrome. Curr Opin Rhematol 1999;1:53–7.
121. Arici, M, Kiraz S, Ertenli I. Treatment of Behçet disease with pentoxifylline. Ann Intern Med 1997;126:493–4.
122. Masuda K, Nakajima A, Urayama A. Double-masked trial of cyclosporine versus colchicine and long term open study of cyclosporine in Behçet’s disease. Lancet 1989;1:1093.
123. O’Duffy JD, Robertson DM, Goldstein NP. Chlorambucil in the treatment of uveitis and meningoencephalitis of Behçet’s disease. Am J Med 1984;76:75.
124. Muzulu SI, Walton S, Keczkes K. Colchicine therapy in Behçet’s syndrome. A report of five cases. Clin Exp Dermatol 1989;14:298.
125. Eisenbud L, Horowitz I, Kay B. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis of the Behçet’s type: successful treatment with thalidomide. Oral Surg 1987;64:289.
126. Blyth WA, Hill TJ. Establishment, maintenance and control of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) latency. In: Rouse BT, Lopez C, editors. Immunobiology of herpes simplex virus infection. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 1984. p. 9.
127. Roizman B, Sears AE. An inquiry into the mechanism of herpes simplex virus latency. Ann Rev Microbiol 1987;41:543.
128. Croen KD, Ostrove JM, Dragovic MD, et al. Latent herpes simplex virus in human trigeminal ganglia: detection of an immediate early gene “antisense” transcript by in situ hybridization. N Engl J Med 1987;317:1427.
129. Carton CA, Kilbourne ED. Activation of latent herpes simplex by trigeminal sensory-root section. N Engl J Med 1952;246:172.
130. Halford WP, Gebhardt BM, Carr DJ. Mechanisms of herpes simplex virus type 1 reactivation. J Virol 1996;70:5051–60.
131. Greenberg MS, Brightman VJ, Ship II. Clinical and laboratory differentiation of recurrent intra-oral herpes simplex virus infections following fever. J Dent Res 1969;48:435.
132. Griffin JW. Recurrent intraoral herpes simplex virus infection. Oral Surg 1965;19:209.
133. Weathers DR, Griffin JW. Intraoral ulcerations of recurrent herpes simplex and recurrent aphthae—two distinct clinical entities. J Am Dent Assoc 1970;81:81.
134. Reeves WC, Corey L, Adams HG. Risk of recurrence after first episodes of genital herpes: relation of HSV type and antibody response. N Engl J Med 1981;305:315.
135. Greenberg MS, Brightman VJ. Serum immunoglobulins in patients with recurrent intraoral herpes simplex infections. J Dent Res 1971;50:781.
136. Heineman HS, Greenberg MS. Cell protective effect of human saliva specific for herpes simplex virus. Arch Oral Biol 1980; 25:257–61.
137. Greenberg MS, Friedman H, Cohen SG, et al. A comparative study of herpes simplex infections in renal transplant and leukemic patients. J Infect Dis 1987;156:280.
138. Greenberg MS, Cohen SG, Boosz B, Friedman H. Oral herpes simplex infections in patients with leukemia. J Am Dent Assoc 1987;114:483.
139. Eisen D. The clinical characteristics of intraoral herpes simplex virus infection in 52 immunocompetent patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998;86:432-7.
140. Thackray AM, Field HJ. Famciclovir and valacyclovir differ in the prevention of herpes simplex virus type 1 latency in mice: a quantitative study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998;42:1555–62.
141. Thackray AM, Field HJ. Differential effects of famciclovir and valacyclovir on the pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus in a murine infection model including reactivation from latency. J Infect Dis 1996;173:291–9.
142. Reitano M, Tyring S, Lang W, et al. Valacyclovir for the suppression of recurrent genital herpes simplex virus infection: a large-scale dosage range-finding study. International Valacyclovir HSV Study Group. J Infect Dis 1998;178:603–10.
143. Diaz-Mitoma E, Sibbald RG, Shafran SD, et al. Oral famciclovir for the suppression of recurrent genital herpes: a randomized controlled trial. Collaborative Famciclovir Genital Herpes Research Group. JAMA 1998;280:887–92.
144. Rooney JF, Straus SE, Mannix ML, et al. Oral acyclovir to suppress frequently recurrent herpes labialis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1993;118:268–72.
145. Amagai M, Koch PJ, Nishikawa T, Stanley JR. Pemphigus vulgaris antigen (desmoglein 3) is localized in the lower epidermis, the site of blister formation in patients. J Invest Dermatol 1996;106:351–5.
146. Mahoney MG, Wang Z, Rothenberger K, et al. Explanations for the clinical and microscopic localization of lesions in pemphigus foliaceus and vulgaris. J Clin Invest 1999;103:461–8.
147. Williams DM. Vesiculobullous mucocutaneous disease: pemphigus vulgaris. J Oral Pathol Med 1989;18:544.
148. Anhalt GJ, Labib RS, Voorhees JJ, et al. Induction of pemphigus in neonatal mice by passive transfer of IgG from patients with the disease. N Engl J Med 1982;506:1189–96.
149. Jensen PJ, Baird J, Morioka S, et al. Epidermal plasminogen activation is abnormal in cutaneous lesions. J Invest Dermatol 1988;90:777.
150. Stanley JR. Cell adhesion molecules as targets of autoantibodies in pemphigus and pemphigoid, bullous diseases due to defective epidermal cell adhesion. Adv Immunol 1993; 53:291–325.
110. O’Duffy JD. Behçet’s syndrome. N Engl J Med 1990;322:326. 111. Kone-Paut I, Yurdakul S, Bahabri SA, et al. Clinical features of
Behçet’s disease in children: an international collaborative study of 86 cases. J Pediatr 1998;132:721–5.
112. Matsumoto T, Vekusa T, Fukuda Y. Vasculo-Behçet’s disease; a pathologic study of eight cases. Hum Pathol 1991;22:45.
113. O’Duffy JD. Vasculitis in Behçet’s disease. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1990;16:423.
114. Yasui K, Ohta K, Kobayashi M, et al. Successful treatment of Behçet disease with pentoxifylline. Ann Intern Med 1996; 124:891–3.
115. Benamour S, Zeroual B, Alaoui FZ. Joint manifestation in Behçet’s disease: a review of 340 cases. Rev Rhum 1998; 65:299-307.
116. Krause I, Uziel Y, Guedj D, et al. Mode of presentation and multisystem involvement in Behçet’s disease: the influence of sex and age of disease onset. J Rheumatol 1998;25:1566–9.
117. Imai H, Motegi M, Mizuki N, et al. Mouth and genital ulcers with inflamed cartilage (MAGIC syndrome): a case report and literature review. Am J Med Sci 1997;314:330–2.
118. International Study Group. Criteria for diagnosis of Behçet’s disease. Lancet 1990;335:1078.
119. Bang D. Treatment of Behçet’s disease. Yonsei Med J 1997; 38:401–10.
120. Yazici H, Yurdakul S, Hamuryudan V. Behçet’s syndrome. Curr Opin Rhematol 1999;1:53–7.
121. Arici, M, Kiraz S, Ertenli I. Treatment of Behçet disease with pentoxifylline. Ann Intern Med 1997;126:493–4.
122. Masuda K, Nakajima A, Urayama A. Double-masked trial of cyclosporine versus colchicine and long term open study of cyclosporine in Behçet’s disease. Lancet 1989;1:1093.
123. O’Duffy JD, Robertson DM, Goldstein NP. Chlorambucil in the treatment of uveitis and meningoencephalitis of Behçet’s disease. Am J Med 1984;76:75.
124. Muzulu SI, Walton S, Keczkes K. Colchicine therapy in Behçet’s syndrome. A report of five cases. Clin Exp Dermatol 1989;14:298.
125. Eisenbud L, Horowitz I, Kay B. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis of the Behçet’s type: successful treatment with thalidomide. Oral Surg 1987;64:289.
126. Blyth WA, Hill TJ. Establishment, maintenance and control of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) latency. In: Rouse BT, Lopez C, editors. Immunobiology of herpes simplex virus infection. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 1984. p. 9.
127. Roizman B, Sears AE. An inquiry into the mechanism of herpes simplex virus latency. Ann Rev Microbiol 1987;41:543.
128. Croen KD, Ostrove JM, Dragovic MD, et al. Latent herpes simplex virus in human trigeminal ganglia: detection of an immediate early gene “antisense” transcript by in situ hybridization. N Engl J Med 1987;317:1427.
129. Carton CA, Kilbourne ED. Activation of latent herpes simplex by trigeminal sensory-root section. N Engl J Med 1952;246:172.
130. Halford WP, Gebhardt BM, Carr DJ. Mechanisms of herpes simplex virus type 1 reactivation. J Virol 1996;70:5051–60.
131. Greenberg MS, Brightman VJ, Ship II. Clinical and laboratory differentiation of recurrent intra-oral herpes simplex virus infections following fever. J Dent Res 1969;48:435.
132. Griffin JW. Recurrent intraoral herpes simplex virus infection. Oral Surg 1965;19:209.
133. Weathers DR, Griffin JW. Intraoral ulcerations of recurrent herpes simplex and recurrent aphthae—two distinct clinical entities. J Am Dent Assoc 1970;81:81.
134. Reeves WC, Corey L, Adams HG. Risk of recurrence after first episodes of genital herpes: relation of HSV type and antibody response. N Engl J Med 1981;305:315.
135. Greenberg MS, Brightman VJ. Serum immunoglobulins in patients with recurrent intraoral herpes simplex infections. J Dent Res 1971;50:781.
136. Heineman HS, Greenberg MS. Cell protective effect of human saliva specific for herpes simplex virus. Arch Oral Biol 1980; 25:257–61.
137. Greenberg MS, Friedman H, Cohen SG, et al. A comparative study of herpes simplex infections in renal transplant and leukemic patients. J Infect Dis 1987;156:280.
138. Greenberg MS, Cohen SG, Boosz B, Friedman H. Oral herpes simplex infections in patients with leukemia. J Am Dent Assoc 1987;114:483.
139. Eisen D. The clinical characteristics of intraoral herpes simplex virus infection in 52 immunocompetent patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998;86:432-7.
140. Thackray AM, Field HJ. Famciclovir and valacyclovir differ in the prevention of herpes simplex virus type 1 latency in mice: a quantitative study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998;42:1555–62.
141. Thackray AM, Field HJ. Differential effects of famciclovir and valacyclovir on the pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus in a murine infection model including reactivation from latency. J Infect Dis 1996;173:291–9.
142. Reitano M, Tyring S, Lang W, et al. Valacyclovir for the suppression of recurrent genital herpes simplex virus infection: a large-scale dosage range-finding study. International Valacyclovir HSV Study Group. J Infect Dis 1998;178:603–10.
143. Diaz-Mitoma E, Sibbald RG, Shafran SD, et al. Oral famciclovir for the suppression of recurrent genital herpes: a randomized controlled trial. Collaborative Famciclovir Genital Herpes Research Group. JAMA 1998;280:887–92.
144. Rooney JF, Straus SE, Mannix ML, et al. Oral acyclovir to suppress frequently recurrent herpes labialis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1993;118:268–72.
145. Amagai M, Koch PJ, Nishikawa T, Stanley JR. Pemphigus vulgaris antigen (desmoglein 3) is localized in the lower epidermis, the site of blister formation in patients. J Invest Dermatol 1996;106:351–5.
146. Mahoney MG, Wang Z, Rothenberger K, et al. Explanations for the clinical and microscopic localization of lesions in pemphigus foliaceus and vulgaris. J Clin Invest 1999;103:461–8.
147. Williams DM. Vesiculobullous mucocutaneous disease: pemphigus vulgaris. J Oral Pathol Med 1989;18:544.
148. Anhalt GJ, Labib RS, Voorhees JJ, et al. Induction of pemphigus in neonatal mice by passive transfer of IgG from patients with the disease. N Engl J Med 1982;506:1189–96.
149. Jensen PJ, Baird J, Morioka S, et al. Epidermal plasminogen activation is abnormal in cutaneous lesions. J Invest Dermatol 1988;90:777.
150. Stanley JR. Cell adhesion molecules as targets of autoantibodies in pemphigus and pemphigoid, bullous diseases due to defective epidermal cell adhesion. Adv Immunol 1993; 53:291–325.
151. Coleman MD. Dapsone: modes of action, toxicity and possible strategies for increasing patient tolerance. Br J Dermatol 1993;129:507–13.
152. Anhalt GJ. Pemphigoid: bullous and cicatricial. Dermatol Clin 1990;8:701.
153. Gilmore HK. Early detection of pemphigus vulgaris. Oral Surg 1978;46:641.
154. Lamey PJ, Rees TD, Binnie WH, et al. Oral presentation of pemphigus vulgaris and its response to systemic steroid therapy. Oral Surg 1992;74:54.
155. Zegarelli DJ, Zegarelli EV. Intraoral pemphigus vulgaris. Oral Surg 1977;44:384.
156. Lenz P, Amagai M, Volc-Platzer B, et al. Desmoglein 3-ELISA: a pemphigus vulgaris–specific diagnostic tool. Arch Dermatol 1999;135:143–148.
157. Nishikawa T. Desmoglein ELISAs: a novel diagnostic test for pemphigus. Arch Dermatol 1999;135:195–6.
158. Chrysommlis F, Ioannides D, Teknetzis A, et al. Treatment of oral pemphigus vulgaris. Int J Dermatol 1994;33:803–7.
159. Stanley JR. Therapy of pemphigus vulgaris. Arch Dermatol 1999;135:76–7.
160. Enk AH. Mycophenolate is effective in the treatment pemphigus vulgaris. Arch Dermatol 1999;135:54–6.
161. Calebotta A, Saenz AM, Gonzalez F, et al. Pemphigus vulgaris: benefits of tetracycline as adjuvant therapy in a series of thirteen patients. Int J Dermatol 1999;38:217–21.
162. Rook AH, Jegasothy BV, Heald P, et al. Extracorporeal photochemotherapy for drug-resistant pemphigus vulgaris. Ann Intern Med 1990;112:303.
163. Nousari HC, Deterding R, Wojtczak KH, et al. The mechanism of respiratory failure in paraneoplastic pemphigus. N Engl J Med 1999;340:1406–10.
164. Anhalt GJ. Paraneoplastic pemphigus. Adv Dermatol 1997;12:77–96.
165. Virgils A, Trombelli L, Calura G. Sudden vegetation of the mouth. Pemphigus vegetans of the mouth (Hallopeau type). Arch Dermatol 1992;128:398.
166. Iwata M, Watanabe S, Tamaki K. Pemphigus vegetans presenting as scrotal tongue. J Dermatol 1989;16:159.
167. Thornhill MH, Zakrzewska JM, Gilkes JJ. Pyostomatitis vegetans. Report of three cases and review of the literature. J Oral Pathol Med 1992;21:128.
168. Korman NJ. Bullous pemphigoid: the latest in diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Arch Dermatol 1998;134:1137–41.
169. Bastuji-Garin S, Joly P, Picard-Dahan C, et al. Drugs associated with bullous pemphigoid: a case-control study. Arch Dermatol 1996;132:272–6.
170. Venning VA, Frith PA, Bron AJ, et al. Mucosal involvement in bullous and cicatricial pemphigoid. A clinical and immunopathological study. Br J Dermatol 1988;118:7.
171. Roujeau JC, Lok C, Bastuji-Garin S, et al. High risk of death in elderly patients with extensive bullous pemphigoid. Arch Dermatol 1998;134:465.
172. Lever WF. Pemphigus and pemphigoid. J Am Acad Dermatol 1979;1:2.
173. Chan LS, Hammerberg C, Cooper KD. Cicatricial pemphigoid. Identification of two distinct sets of epidermal antigens by IgA and IgG class circulating autoantibodies. Arch Dermatol 1990;126:1466.
174. Albritton JI, Nousari HC, Anhalt GJ. Antiepiligrin (laminin-5) cicatricial pemphigoid. Br J Dermatol 1997;137:992–6.
175. Nousari HC, Rencic A, Hsu R, et al. Anti-epiligrin cicatricial pemphigoid with antibodies against the gamma2 subunit of laminin 5. Arch Dermatol 1999;135:173–6.
176. Lamey PJ, Rees TD, Binnie WH, Rankin KV. Mucous membrane pemphigoid. Treatment experience at two institutions. Oral Surg 1992;74:50.
177. Rogers RS, Mehregan DA. Dapsone therapy of cicatricial pemphigoid. Semin Dermatol 1988;7:201.
178. Ciarrocca KN, Greenberg MS. A retrospective study of the management of oral mucous membrane pemphigoid with dapsone. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1999;88:159–63.
179. Berk MA, Lorincz AL. The treatment of bullous pemphigoid with tetracycline and nicotinamide. Arch Dermatol 1986;122:670.
180. Korman NJ, Eyra RW, Zone J, Stanley JR. Drug-induced pemphigus. J Invest Dermatol 1991;96:273.
181. Wakelin SH, Allen J, Zhou S, Wojnarowska F. Drug-induced linear IgA disease with antibodies to collagen vii. Br J Dermatol 1998;138:310.
182. Zhou S, Ferguson DJ, Allen J, Wojnarowska F. The localization of target antigens and autoantibodies is variable. Br J Dermatol 1998;139:591.
183. Dabelsteen E. Molecular biological aspects of acquired bullous diseases. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1998;9:162.
184. Marsden RA. Linear IgA disease of childhood. In: Wojnarowska F, Briggaman RA, editors. Management of blistering diseases. New York: Chapman & Hall; 1990. p. 119–26.
185. Lear JT, Smith AG. Multiple blisters in a young boy. Arch Dermatol 1998;134:625.
186. Marsden RA, Mckee PH, Bhogal B, et al. A study of chronic bullous disease of childhood and comparison with dermatitis herpetiformis and bullous pemphigoid occurring in childhood. Clin Exp Dermatol 1980;5:159.
187. Greenspan JS, Yeoman CM, Harding SM. Oral lichen planus. Br Dent J 1978;144:83.
188. Walsh LJ, Savage NW, Ishii T, Seymour GJ. Immunopathogenesis of oral lichen planus. J Oral Pathol Med 1990;19:389.
189. Bolewska J, Hansen HJ, Holmstrup P, et al. Oral mucosal lesions related to silver amalgam restorations. Oral Surg 1990;70:55.
190. Carrozzo M, Gandolpho S, Carbone M, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection in Italian patients with oral lichen planus: a prospective case controlled study. J Oral Pathol Med 1997:26:36.
191. Bagan JV, Ramon C, Gonzalez L, et al. Preliminary investigation of the association of oral lichen planus and hepatitis C. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998;85:532.
192. DeRossi S, Greenberg MS. Intraoral contact allergy: a literature review and case reports. J Am Dent Assoc 1998;129:1435.
193. Yiannias JA, el Azhary RA, Hand JH, et al. Relevant contact sensitivities in patients with the diagnosis of oral lichen planus. J Am Acad of Dermatol 2000;42:177.
194. Schubert MM, Sullivan KM. Recognition, incidence and management of oral graft-versus-host disease. N C I Monogr 1990;9:135.
195. Fowler CB, Rees TD, Smith BR. Squamous cell carcinoma on the dorsum of the tongue arising in a longstanding lesion of erosive lichen planus. J Am Dent Assoc 1987;15:707.
196. Katz RW, Brahim JS, Travis WD. Oral squamous cell carcinoma arising in a patient with longstanding lichen planus: a case report. Oral Surg 1990;70:282.
152. Anhalt GJ. Pemphigoid: bullous and cicatricial. Dermatol Clin 1990;8:701.
153. Gilmore HK. Early detection of pemphigus vulgaris. Oral Surg 1978;46:641.
154. Lamey PJ, Rees TD, Binnie WH, et al. Oral presentation of pemphigus vulgaris and its response to systemic steroid therapy. Oral Surg 1992;74:54.
155. Zegarelli DJ, Zegarelli EV. Intraoral pemphigus vulgaris. Oral Surg 1977;44:384.
156. Lenz P, Amagai M, Volc-Platzer B, et al. Desmoglein 3-ELISA: a pemphigus vulgaris–specific diagnostic tool. Arch Dermatol 1999;135:143–148.
157. Nishikawa T. Desmoglein ELISAs: a novel diagnostic test for pemphigus. Arch Dermatol 1999;135:195–6.
158. Chrysommlis F, Ioannides D, Teknetzis A, et al. Treatment of oral pemphigus vulgaris. Int J Dermatol 1994;33:803–7.
159. Stanley JR. Therapy of pemphigus vulgaris. Arch Dermatol 1999;135:76–7.
160. Enk AH. Mycophenolate is effective in the treatment pemphigus vulgaris. Arch Dermatol 1999;135:54–6.
161. Calebotta A, Saenz AM, Gonzalez F, et al. Pemphigus vulgaris: benefits of tetracycline as adjuvant therapy in a series of thirteen patients. Int J Dermatol 1999;38:217–21.
162. Rook AH, Jegasothy BV, Heald P, et al. Extracorporeal photochemotherapy for drug-resistant pemphigus vulgaris. Ann Intern Med 1990;112:303.
163. Nousari HC, Deterding R, Wojtczak KH, et al. The mechanism of respiratory failure in paraneoplastic pemphigus. N Engl J Med 1999;340:1406–10.
164. Anhalt GJ. Paraneoplastic pemphigus. Adv Dermatol 1997;12:77–96.
165. Virgils A, Trombelli L, Calura G. Sudden vegetation of the mouth. Pemphigus vegetans of the mouth (Hallopeau type). Arch Dermatol 1992;128:398.
166. Iwata M, Watanabe S, Tamaki K. Pemphigus vegetans presenting as scrotal tongue. J Dermatol 1989;16:159.
167. Thornhill MH, Zakrzewska JM, Gilkes JJ. Pyostomatitis vegetans. Report of three cases and review of the literature. J Oral Pathol Med 1992;21:128.
168. Korman NJ. Bullous pemphigoid: the latest in diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Arch Dermatol 1998;134:1137–41.
169. Bastuji-Garin S, Joly P, Picard-Dahan C, et al. Drugs associated with bullous pemphigoid: a case-control study. Arch Dermatol 1996;132:272–6.
170. Venning VA, Frith PA, Bron AJ, et al. Mucosal involvement in bullous and cicatricial pemphigoid. A clinical and immunopathological study. Br J Dermatol 1988;118:7.
171. Roujeau JC, Lok C, Bastuji-Garin S, et al. High risk of death in elderly patients with extensive bullous pemphigoid. Arch Dermatol 1998;134:465.
172. Lever WF. Pemphigus and pemphigoid. J Am Acad Dermatol 1979;1:2.
173. Chan LS, Hammerberg C, Cooper KD. Cicatricial pemphigoid. Identification of two distinct sets of epidermal antigens by IgA and IgG class circulating autoantibodies. Arch Dermatol 1990;126:1466.
174. Albritton JI, Nousari HC, Anhalt GJ. Antiepiligrin (laminin-5) cicatricial pemphigoid. Br J Dermatol 1997;137:992–6.
175. Nousari HC, Rencic A, Hsu R, et al. Anti-epiligrin cicatricial pemphigoid with antibodies against the gamma2 subunit of laminin 5. Arch Dermatol 1999;135:173–6.
176. Lamey PJ, Rees TD, Binnie WH, Rankin KV. Mucous membrane pemphigoid. Treatment experience at two institutions. Oral Surg 1992;74:50.
177. Rogers RS, Mehregan DA. Dapsone therapy of cicatricial pemphigoid. Semin Dermatol 1988;7:201.
178. Ciarrocca KN, Greenberg MS. A retrospective study of the management of oral mucous membrane pemphigoid with dapsone. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1999;88:159–63.
179. Berk MA, Lorincz AL. The treatment of bullous pemphigoid with tetracycline and nicotinamide. Arch Dermatol 1986;122:670.
180. Korman NJ, Eyra RW, Zone J, Stanley JR. Drug-induced pemphigus. J Invest Dermatol 1991;96:273.
181. Wakelin SH, Allen J, Zhou S, Wojnarowska F. Drug-induced linear IgA disease with antibodies to collagen vii. Br J Dermatol 1998;138:310.
182. Zhou S, Ferguson DJ, Allen J, Wojnarowska F. The localization of target antigens and autoantibodies is variable. Br J Dermatol 1998;139:591.
183. Dabelsteen E. Molecular biological aspects of acquired bullous diseases. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1998;9:162.
184. Marsden RA. Linear IgA disease of childhood. In: Wojnarowska F, Briggaman RA, editors. Management of blistering diseases. New York: Chapman & Hall; 1990. p. 119–26.
185. Lear JT, Smith AG. Multiple blisters in a young boy. Arch Dermatol 1998;134:625.
186. Marsden RA, Mckee PH, Bhogal B, et al. A study of chronic bullous disease of childhood and comparison with dermatitis herpetiformis and bullous pemphigoid occurring in childhood. Clin Exp Dermatol 1980;5:159.
187. Greenspan JS, Yeoman CM, Harding SM. Oral lichen planus. Br Dent J 1978;144:83.
188. Walsh LJ, Savage NW, Ishii T, Seymour GJ. Immunopathogenesis of oral lichen planus. J Oral Pathol Med 1990;19:389.
189. Bolewska J, Hansen HJ, Holmstrup P, et al. Oral mucosal lesions related to silver amalgam restorations. Oral Surg 1990;70:55.
190. Carrozzo M, Gandolpho S, Carbone M, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection in Italian patients with oral lichen planus: a prospective case controlled study. J Oral Pathol Med 1997:26:36.
191. Bagan JV, Ramon C, Gonzalez L, et al. Preliminary investigation of the association of oral lichen planus and hepatitis C. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998;85:532.
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198. Kaplan B, Barnes L. Oral lichen planus and squamous carcinoma: case report and update of the literature. Arch Otolaryngol 1985;111:543.
199. Massa MC, Greancy V, Kron T, Armin A. Malignant transformation of oral lichen planus: case report and review of the literature. Cutis 1990;45:45.
200. Silverman S, Gorsky M, Lozada-Nur F. A prospective followup study of 570 patients with oral lichen planus: persistence, remission and malignant association. Oral Surg 1985;60:30.
201. Murti PR, Daftary DK, Bhonsle RR, et al. Malignant potential of oral lichen planus: observations in 722 patients from India. J Oral Pathol 1986;15:71.
202. Jungell P. Oral lichen planus. A review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1991;20:129.
203. Eisen D, Ellis CN, Duell EA, et al. Effect of topical cyclosporine rinse on oral lichen planus. A double blind analysis. N Engl J Med 1990;323:290.
204. Jungell P, Malmstrom M. Cyclosporin A mouthwash in the treatment of oral lichen planus. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1996;25:60.
205. Gorsky M, Raviv M. Efficacy of etretinate (Tigason) in symptomatic oral lichen planus. Oral Surg 1992;73:52.
206. Lundquist G, Forsgren H, Gajecki M, et al. Photochemotherapy of oral lichen planus. A controlled study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1995;79:554
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208. Greenberg MS, Cohen SG, Boosz B, Friedman H. Oral herpes simplex infections in patients with leukemia. J Am Dent Assoc 1987;114:483.
209. Greenberg MS, Friedman H, Cohen SG, et al. A comparative study of herpes simplex infections in renal transplant and leukemic patients. J Infect Dis 1987;156:280.
210. Schneidman DW, Barr RJ, Graham JH. Chronic cutaneous herpes simplex. JAMA 1979;241:542.
211. MacPhail LA, Greenspan D, Schiodt M, et al. Acyclovir-resistant Foscarnet-sensitive oral herpes simplex type 2 lesion in a patient with AIDS. Oral Surg 1989;67:427.
212. Economopoulou P, Laskaris G, Kittas C. Oral histoplasmosis as an indicator of HIV infection. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998;86:203.
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215. Page LR, Drummond JF, Daniels HT, et al. Blastomycosis with oral lesions. Oral Surg 1979;47:157.
216. Bell WA, Gamble GE, Garrington GE. North American blastomycosis with oral lesions. Oral Surg 1969;28:914.
217. Rose HD, Gingrass DJ. Localized oral blastomycosis mimicking actinomycosis. Oral Surg 1982;54:12.
218. Cohen SG, Greenberg MS. Rhinomaxillary mucormycosis in a kidney transplant patient. Oral Surg 1980;50:33.
219. Salisbury PL, Caloss R, Cruz JM, et al. Mucormycosis of the mandible after dental extractions in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997;83:340.
220. Jones AC, Bentsen TY, Freedman PD. Mucormycosis of the oral cavity. Oral Surg 1993;75:455.
198. Kaplan B, Barnes L. Oral lichen planus and squamous carcinoma: case report and update of the literature. Arch Otolaryngol 1985;111:543.
199. Massa MC, Greancy V, Kron T, Armin A. Malignant transformation of oral lichen planus: case report and review of the literature. Cutis 1990;45:45.
200. Silverman S, Gorsky M, Lozada-Nur F. A prospective followup study of 570 patients with oral lichen planus: persistence, remission and malignant association. Oral Surg 1985;60:30.
201. Murti PR, Daftary DK, Bhonsle RR, et al. Malignant potential of oral lichen planus: observations in 722 patients from India. J Oral Pathol 1986;15:71.
202. Jungell P. Oral lichen planus. A review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1991;20:129.
203. Eisen D, Ellis CN, Duell EA, et al. Effect of topical cyclosporine rinse on oral lichen planus. A double blind analysis. N Engl J Med 1990;323:290.
204. Jungell P, Malmstrom M. Cyclosporin A mouthwash in the treatment of oral lichen planus. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1996;25:60.
205. Gorsky M, Raviv M. Efficacy of etretinate (Tigason) in symptomatic oral lichen planus. Oral Surg 1992;73:52.
206. Lundquist G, Forsgren H, Gajecki M, et al. Photochemotherapy of oral lichen planus. A controlled study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1995;79:554
207. McCreary CE, McCartan BE. Clinical management of oral lichen planus. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1999;37:338.
208. Greenberg MS, Cohen SG, Boosz B, Friedman H. Oral herpes simplex infections in patients with leukemia. J Am Dent Assoc 1987;114:483.
209. Greenberg MS, Friedman H, Cohen SG, et al. A comparative study of herpes simplex infections in renal transplant and leukemic patients. J Infect Dis 1987;156:280.
210. Schneidman DW, Barr RJ, Graham JH. Chronic cutaneous herpes simplex. JAMA 1979;241:542.
211. MacPhail LA, Greenspan D, Schiodt M, et al. Acyclovir-resistant Foscarnet-sensitive oral herpes simplex type 2 lesion in a patient with AIDS. Oral Surg 1989;67:427.
212. Economopoulou P, Laskaris G, Kittas C. Oral histoplasmosis as an indicator of HIV infection. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998;86:203.
213. Warnakulasuriya KAAS, Harrison JD, Johnson NW, et al. Localized oral histoplasmosis associated with HIV infection. J Oral Pathol Med 1997;26:294.
214. Chinn H, Chernoff DN, Migliorati CA, et al. Oral histoplasmosis in HIV infected patients: a report of two cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1995;79:710.
215. Page LR, Drummond JF, Daniels HT, et al. Blastomycosis with oral lesions. Oral Surg 1979;47:157.
216. Bell WA, Gamble GE, Garrington GE. North American blastomycosis with oral lesions. Oral Surg 1969;28:914.
217. Rose HD, Gingrass DJ. Localized oral blastomycosis mimicking actinomycosis. Oral Surg 1982;54:12.
218. Cohen SG, Greenberg MS. Rhinomaxillary mucormycosis in a kidney transplant patient. Oral Surg 1980;50:33.
219. Salisbury PL, Caloss R, Cruz JM, et al. Mucormycosis of the mandible after dental extractions in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997;83:340.
220. Jones AC, Bentsen TY, Freedman PD. Mucormycosis of the oral cavity. Oral Surg 1993;75:455.