NORMAL STRUCTURAL VARIANTS ▼ INFLAMMATORY (REACTIVE) HYPERPLASIAS
Fibrous Inflammatory Hyperplasias and Traumatic Fibromas Pyogenic Granuloma, Pregnancy Epulis, and Peripheral Ossifying
Fibroma Giant Cell Granuloma (Peripheral and Central) Pseudosarcomatous Fasciitis (Nodular Fasciitis) and Proliferative
Myositis Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia Benign Lymphoid Hyperplasia
▼ HAMARTOMAS
Fibrous Inflammatory Hyperplasias and Traumatic Fibromas Pyogenic Granuloma, Pregnancy Epulis, and Peripheral Ossifying
Fibroma Giant Cell Granuloma (Peripheral and Central) Pseudosarcomatous Fasciitis (Nodular Fasciitis) and Proliferative
Myositis Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia Benign Lymphoid Hyperplasia
▼ HAMARTOMAS
Hemangioma and Angiomatous Syndromes Lymphangioma Glomus Tumor and Other Vascular Endothelial Growths Granular Cell Tumor and Granular Cell Epulis Nerve Sheath Tumors and Traumatic Neuroma Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone and Albright’s Syndrome Other Benign Fibro-Osseous Lesions Teratomas and Dermoid Cysts
▼ CYSTS OF THE JAW AND BENIGN ODONTOGENIC TUMORS
Cysts of the Jaw Benign Odontogenic Tumors
▼ BENIGN “VIRUS-INDUCED” TUMORS (ORAL SQUAMOUS PAPILLOMAS AND WARTS)▼ SYNDROMES WITH BENIGN ORAL NEOPLASTIC OR HAMARTOMATOUS COMPONENTS
Von Recklinghausen’s Neurofibromatosis Gardner’s Syndrome Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type III (Multiple Mucosal Neuroma
Syndrome) Tuberous Sclerosis Acanthosis Nigricans Albright’s Syndrome Paget’s Disease of Bone (Osteitis Deformans) Cowden’s Syndrome Xanthomas Langerhans Cell (Eosinophilic) Histiocytosis Amyloidosis
▼ ACUTE AND GRANULOMATOUS INFLAMMATIONS
Cervicofacial Actinomycosis Cat-Scratch Disease Hansen’s Disease (Leprosy) Orofacial Granulomatosis
▼ GINGIVAL ENLARGEMENTS
Inflammatory Gingival Enlargement Fibrotic Gingival Enlargement Phenytoin-Induced Gingival Hyperplasia Gingival Hyperplasia Induced by Cyclosporin A and Calcium
Channel Blockers Syndromes Associated with Diffuse Gingival Enlargement
This chapter is concerned with the clinical features, diagnosis, and management of localized nonmalignant growths of the oral cavity. A variety of lesions of miscellaneous etiologies are discussed, many of which are not true neoplasms. Tissue enlargements attributable to irritation or injury represent a hyperplastic reaction and are collectively grouped as “reactive proliferations.”
If left untreated, some of the lesions discussed in this chapter will lead to extensive tissue destruction and deformity whereas others will interfere with mastication and will become secondarily infected following masticatory trauma. Regardless, the major clinical consideration in the management of all of these tumors is to identify their benign nature and to distinguish them from potentially life-threatening malignant lesions. Since this decision usually can be made with certainty only by microscopic examination of excised tissue, biopsy is generally an essential step.
If left untreated, some of the lesions discussed in this chapter will lead to extensive tissue destruction and deformity whereas others will interfere with mastication and will become secondarily infected following masticatory trauma. Regardless, the major clinical consideration in the management of all of these tumors is to identify their benign nature and to distinguish them from potentially life-threatening malignant lesions. Since this decision usually can be made with certainty only by microscopic examination of excised tissue, biopsy is generally an essential step.