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155. Horch HH, Gerlach KL, Schaefer HE. CO2 laser surgery of oral premalignant lesions. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1986;15(1):19–24.
156. Kaugars GE, Silverman S Jr, Lovas JL, et al. A review of the use of antioxident supplements in the treatment of human oral leukoplakia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1996;81:5–14.
157. Krebs-Smith SM. Progress in improving diet to reduce cancer risk. Cancer 1998;83:1425–32.
158. Enwonwu CO, Meeks VI. Bionutrition and oral cancer in humans. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1995;6(1):5–17.
159. Pindborg JJ, Daftary DK, Mehta FS. A follow-up study of sixtyone oral dysplastic precancerous lesions in Indian villagers. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1977;43(3):383–90.
160. Schepman KP, van der Meij EH, Smeele LE, van der Waal I. Concomitant leukoplakia in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 1999;5:206–9.
161. Gorlin RJ. Bowen’s disease of the mucous membrane of the mouth. A review of the literature and a presentation of six cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1950;3:35.
162. Daley T, Birek C, Wysocki GP. Oral bowenoid lesions: differential diagnosis and pathogenetic insights. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000;90(4):466–73.
163. Kratochvil FJ, Cioffi GA, Auclair PL, Rathburn WA. Virusassociated dysplasia (bowenoid papulosis?) of the oral cavity. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1989;68:312.
164. Brightman VJ. Red and white lesions of the oral mucosa. In: Lynch MA, Brightman VJ, Greenberg MS, editors. Burket’s oral medicine. 9th ed. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott; 1997.
165. Crissman JD, Visscher DW, Sakr W. Premalignant lesions of the upper aerodigestive tract: pathologic classification. J Cell Biochem Suppl 1993;17F:49–56.
166. Hashibe M, Mathew B, Kuruvilla B, et al. Chewing tobacco, alcohol, and the risk of erythroplakia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000;9(7):639–45.
167. Kramer IR, Lucas RB, Pindborg JJ, Sobin LH. Definition of leukoplakia and related lesions: an aid to studies on oral precancer. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1978;46(4):518–39.
168. Mashberg A, Garfinkel L. Early diagnosis of oral cancer: the erythroplastic lesion in high risk sites. CA Cancer J Clin 1978;28(5):297–303.
169. Mashberg A, Samit A. Early diagnosis of asymptomatic oral and oropharyngeal squamous cancers. CA Cancer J Clin 1995;45(6):328–51.
170. Seoane J, Varela-Centelles PI, Diz Dios P, et al. Experimental intervention study about recognition of erythroplakia by undergraduate dental students. Int Dent J 1999;49(5):275–8.
171. Shafer WG, Waldron CA. Erythroplakia of the oral cavity. Cancer 1975;36(3):1021–8.
172. Shear M. Erythroplakia of the mouth. Int Dent J 1972;22(4):460–73.
173. Zegarelli DJ, Sabbagh E. Relative incidence of intraoral pemphigus vulgaris, mucous membrane pemphigoid and lichen planus. Ann Dent 1989;48(1):5–7.
174. Black MM. Lichen planus and lichenoid eruptions. In: Rook A, Wilkinson DS, Ebling FJG, et al, editors. Textbook of dermatology. 4th ed, Boston: Blackwell; 1986.
175. Conklin RJ, Blasberg B. Oral lichen planus. Dermatol Clin 1987;5(4):663–73.
176. Scully C, El-Kom M. Lichen planus: review and update on pathogenesis. J Oral Pathol 1985;14(6):431–58.
177. Porter SR, Kirby A, Olsen I, et al. Immunologic aspects of dermal and oral lichen planus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997;83:858–63.
178. Vincent SD, Fotos PG, Baker KA, et al. Oral lichen planus: the clinical, historical and therapeutic features of 100 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1990;70:165–71.
179. Silverman S Jr, Gorsky M, Lozada-Nur F, Gionnotti K. A prospective study of findings and management in 214 patients with oral lichen planus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1991;72:665–70.
180. McClatchy KD, Silverman S Jr, Hansen LS. Studies on oral lichen planus III: clinical and histologic correlations in 213 patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1975;39:122–7.
181. Thorn JJ, Holmstrup P, Rindum J, Pindborg JJ. Course of various clinical forms of oral lichen planus: a prospective followup study of 611 patients. J Oral Pathol 1988;17(5):213–8.
182. Allen CM, Beck FM, Rossie KM, Kaul TJ. Relation of stress and anxiety to oral lichen planus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1986;61(1):44–6.
183. Yiannias JA, el-Azhary RA, Hand JH, et al. Relevant contact sensitivities in patients with the diagnosis of oral lichen planus. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;42:177–82.
184. Palestine AG, Nussenblat RB, Chan C-C, et al. Side effects of systemic cyclosporine in patients not undergoing transplantation. Am J Med 1984;77(4):652–6.
185. Silverman S Jr, Bahl S. Oral lichen planus update: clinical characteristics, treatment responses, and malignant transformation. Am J Dent 1997;10:259-63.
186. Cohen DM, Bhattacharyya I, Zunt SL, Tomich CE. Linear IgA disease histopathologically and clinically masquerading as lichen planus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1999;88(2):196–201.
187. Boisnic S, Frances C, Branchet MC, et al. Immunohistochemical study of oral lesions of lichen planus: diagnostic and pathophysiologic aspects. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1990;70(4):462–5.
188. Laskaris G, Sklavounou A, Angelopoulos A. Direct immunofluorescence in oral lichen planus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1982;53(5):483–7.
189. Rinaggio J, Neiders ME, Aguirre A, Kumar V. Using immunofluorescence in the diagnosis of chronic ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa. Compend Contin Educ Dent 1999;20(10):943–50.
190. Andreasen JO. Oral lichen planus. 1. A clinical evaluation of 115 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1968;25(1):31–42.
191. Silverman S Jr, Griffith M. Studies on oral lichen planus II. Follow-up on 200 patients: clinical characteristics and associated malignancy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1974;37(5):705–10.
192. Silverman S Jr, Gorsky M, Lozada-Nur F. A prospective followup study of 570 patients with oral lichen planus: persistence, remission, and malignant association. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1985;60:30–4.
193. Krutchkoff DK, Cutler L, Laskowski S. Oral lichen planus: the evidence regarding potential malignant transformation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1978;7(1):1–7.
194. Murti PR, Daftary DK, Bhousi RB, et al. Malignant potential of lichen planus: observations in 722 patients from India. J Oral Pathol 1986;15(2):71–7.
195. van der Meij EH, Schepman KP, Smeele LE, et al. A review of the recent literature regarding malignant transformation of oral lichen planus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1999;88(3):307–10.
196. Cohen DM, Bhattacharyya I, Zunt SL, Tomich CE. Linear IgA disease histopathologically and clinically masquerading as lichen planus. Oral Surg Oral Med Pathol 1999;88:196-201.
197. Eisenberg E, Krutchkoff DJ. Lichenoid lesions of oral mucosa. Diagnostic criteria and their importance in the alleged relationship to oral cancer. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1992;73(6):699–704.
198. Hietanen J, Paasonen MR, Kuhlefelt M, Malmstrom M. A retrospective study of oral lichen planus patients with concurrent or subsequent development of malignancy. Oral Oncol 1999;35(3):278–82.
199. Krutchkoff DJ, Eisenberg E. Lichenoid dysplasia: a distinct histopathologic entity. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1985;60(3):308–15.
200. Lovas JGI, Harsanyi BB, El Generdy AK. Oral lichenoid dysplasia: a clinicopathologic analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1989;68(1):57–63.
201. Silverman S Jr, Lozada-Nur F, Migliorati C. Clinical efficacy of prednisone in the treatment of patients with oral inflammatory ulcerative diseases: a study of 55 patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1985;59:360–3.
202. Lozada-Nur F, Silverman S Jr. Topically applied fluocinonide in an adhesive base in the treatment of oral vesiculoerosive diseases. Arch Dermatol 1980;116(8):898–901.
203. Lozada-Nur F, Huang MZ. Open preliminary clinical trial of clobetasol proprionate ointment in adhesive paste for treatment of chronic vesiculoerosive disease. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1991;71:283–7.
204. Plemons JM, Rees TD, Zachariah NY. Absorption of a topical steroid and evaluation of adrenal suppression in patients with erosive lichen planus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1990;69(6):688–93.
205. Giustina TA, Stewart JCB, Ellis CN, et al. Topical application of isotretinoin gel improves oral lichen planus. A double-blind study. Arch Dermatol 1986;122(5):534–6.
206. Camisa C, Allen CM. Treatment of oral erosive lichen planus with systemic isotretinoin. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1986;62(4):393–6.
207. Bollag W, Ott F. Treatment of oral lichen planus with temarotene. Lancet 1989;21;2(8669):974.
208. Eisen D, Ellis CN, Duell EA, et al. Effect of topical cyclosporine rinse on oral lichen planus: a double-blind analysis. N Engl J Med 1990;323(5):290–4.
209. Frances C, Boisnic S, Etiennes C, Szpirglas H. Effect of the local topical application of cyclosporine A on chronic erosive lichen planus of the oral cavity. Dermatologia 1988;177(3):194–5.
210. Balato N, DeRosa S, Bordone F, et al. Dermatological application of cyclosporine A. Arch Dermatol 1989;125(10):1430–1.
211. Koch P, Bahmer FA. Oral lesions and symptoms related to metals used in dental restorations: a clinical, allergological, and histologic study. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;41(3 Pt 1): 422–30.
212. Finne KAJ, Goransson K, Winckler L. Oral lichen planus and contact allergy to mercury. Int J Oral Surg 1982;11(4):236–9.
213. Eversole LK, Ringer M. The role of dental restorative metal in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1984;57(4):383–7.
214. Weedon D. The lichenoid tissue reaction. Int J Dermatol 1982;21:203.
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224. Regezi JA, Sciubba JJ. Oral pathology: clinical pathologic correlations. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1999. p. 99–101,104.
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226. Woo SB, Lee SJ, Schubert MM. Graft-vs.-host disease. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1997;8(2):201–16.
227. Sale GE, Shulman HM, Schubert MM, et al. Oral and ophthalmic pathology of graft versus host disease in man: predictive value of the lip biopsy. Hum Pathol 1981; 12(11):1022–30.
228. Peck GL, Herzig GP, Elias PM. Toxic epidermal necrolysis in a patient with graft-vs-host reaction. Arch Dermatol 1972;105(4):561–9.
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154. Al-Drouby HA. Oral leukoplakia and cryotherapy. Br Dent J 1983;155(4):124–5.
155. Horch HH, Gerlach KL, Schaefer HE. CO2 laser surgery of oral premalignant lesions. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1986;15(1):19–24.
156. Kaugars GE, Silverman S Jr, Lovas JL, et al. A review of the use of antioxident supplements in the treatment of human oral leukoplakia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1996;81:5–14.
157. Krebs-Smith SM. Progress in improving diet to reduce cancer risk. Cancer 1998;83:1425–32.
158. Enwonwu CO, Meeks VI. Bionutrition and oral cancer in humans. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1995;6(1):5–17.
159. Pindborg JJ, Daftary DK, Mehta FS. A follow-up study of sixtyone oral dysplastic precancerous lesions in Indian villagers. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1977;43(3):383–90.
160. Schepman KP, van der Meij EH, Smeele LE, van der Waal I. Concomitant leukoplakia in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 1999;5:206–9.
161. Gorlin RJ. Bowen’s disease of the mucous membrane of the mouth. A review of the literature and a presentation of six cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1950;3:35.
162. Daley T, Birek C, Wysocki GP. Oral bowenoid lesions: differential diagnosis and pathogenetic insights. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000;90(4):466–73.
163. Kratochvil FJ, Cioffi GA, Auclair PL, Rathburn WA. Virusassociated dysplasia (bowenoid papulosis?) of the oral cavity. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1989;68:312.
164. Brightman VJ. Red and white lesions of the oral mucosa. In: Lynch MA, Brightman VJ, Greenberg MS, editors. Burket’s oral medicine. 9th ed. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott; 1997.
165. Crissman JD, Visscher DW, Sakr W. Premalignant lesions of the upper aerodigestive tract: pathologic classification. J Cell Biochem Suppl 1993;17F:49–56.
166. Hashibe M, Mathew B, Kuruvilla B, et al. Chewing tobacco, alcohol, and the risk of erythroplakia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000;9(7):639–45.
167. Kramer IR, Lucas RB, Pindborg JJ, Sobin LH. Definition of leukoplakia and related lesions: an aid to studies on oral precancer. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1978;46(4):518–39.
168. Mashberg A, Garfinkel L. Early diagnosis of oral cancer: the erythroplastic lesion in high risk sites. CA Cancer J Clin 1978;28(5):297–303.
169. Mashberg A, Samit A. Early diagnosis of asymptomatic oral and oropharyngeal squamous cancers. CA Cancer J Clin 1995;45(6):328–51.
170. Seoane J, Varela-Centelles PI, Diz Dios P, et al. Experimental intervention study about recognition of erythroplakia by undergraduate dental students. Int Dent J 1999;49(5):275–8.
171. Shafer WG, Waldron CA. Erythroplakia of the oral cavity. Cancer 1975;36(3):1021–8.
172. Shear M. Erythroplakia of the mouth. Int Dent J 1972;22(4):460–73.
173. Zegarelli DJ, Sabbagh E. Relative incidence of intraoral pemphigus vulgaris, mucous membrane pemphigoid and lichen planus. Ann Dent 1989;48(1):5–7.
174. Black MM. Lichen planus and lichenoid eruptions. In: Rook A, Wilkinson DS, Ebling FJG, et al, editors. Textbook of dermatology. 4th ed, Boston: Blackwell; 1986.
175. Conklin RJ, Blasberg B. Oral lichen planus. Dermatol Clin 1987;5(4):663–73.
176. Scully C, El-Kom M. Lichen planus: review and update on pathogenesis. J Oral Pathol 1985;14(6):431–58.
177. Porter SR, Kirby A, Olsen I, et al. Immunologic aspects of dermal and oral lichen planus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997;83:858–63.
178. Vincent SD, Fotos PG, Baker KA, et al. Oral lichen planus: the clinical, historical and therapeutic features of 100 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1990;70:165–71.
179. Silverman S Jr, Gorsky M, Lozada-Nur F, Gionnotti K. A prospective study of findings and management in 214 patients with oral lichen planus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1991;72:665–70.
180. McClatchy KD, Silverman S Jr, Hansen LS. Studies on oral lichen planus III: clinical and histologic correlations in 213 patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1975;39:122–7.
181. Thorn JJ, Holmstrup P, Rindum J, Pindborg JJ. Course of various clinical forms of oral lichen planus: a prospective followup study of 611 patients. J Oral Pathol 1988;17(5):213–8.
182. Allen CM, Beck FM, Rossie KM, Kaul TJ. Relation of stress and anxiety to oral lichen planus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1986;61(1):44–6.
183. Yiannias JA, el-Azhary RA, Hand JH, et al. Relevant contact sensitivities in patients with the diagnosis of oral lichen planus. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;42:177–82.
184. Palestine AG, Nussenblat RB, Chan C-C, et al. Side effects of systemic cyclosporine in patients not undergoing transplantation. Am J Med 1984;77(4):652–6.
185. Silverman S Jr, Bahl S. Oral lichen planus update: clinical characteristics, treatment responses, and malignant transformation. Am J Dent 1997;10:259-63.
186. Cohen DM, Bhattacharyya I, Zunt SL, Tomich CE. Linear IgA disease histopathologically and clinically masquerading as lichen planus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1999;88(2):196–201.
187. Boisnic S, Frances C, Branchet MC, et al. Immunohistochemical study of oral lesions of lichen planus: diagnostic and pathophysiologic aspects. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1990;70(4):462–5.
188. Laskaris G, Sklavounou A, Angelopoulos A. Direct immunofluorescence in oral lichen planus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1982;53(5):483–7.
189. Rinaggio J, Neiders ME, Aguirre A, Kumar V. Using immunofluorescence in the diagnosis of chronic ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa. Compend Contin Educ Dent 1999;20(10):943–50.
190. Andreasen JO. Oral lichen planus. 1. A clinical evaluation of 115 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1968;25(1):31–42.
191. Silverman S Jr, Griffith M. Studies on oral lichen planus II. Follow-up on 200 patients: clinical characteristics and associated malignancy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1974;37(5):705–10.
192. Silverman S Jr, Gorsky M, Lozada-Nur F. A prospective followup study of 570 patients with oral lichen planus: persistence, remission, and malignant association. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1985;60:30–4.
193. Krutchkoff DK, Cutler L, Laskowski S. Oral lichen planus: the evidence regarding potential malignant transformation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1978;7(1):1–7.
194. Murti PR, Daftary DK, Bhousi RB, et al. Malignant potential of lichen planus: observations in 722 patients from India. J Oral Pathol 1986;15(2):71–7.
195. van der Meij EH, Schepman KP, Smeele LE, et al. A review of the recent literature regarding malignant transformation of oral lichen planus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1999;88(3):307–10.
196. Cohen DM, Bhattacharyya I, Zunt SL, Tomich CE. Linear IgA disease histopathologically and clinically masquerading as lichen planus. Oral Surg Oral Med Pathol 1999;88:196-201.
197. Eisenberg E, Krutchkoff DJ. Lichenoid lesions of oral mucosa. Diagnostic criteria and their importance in the alleged relationship to oral cancer. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1992;73(6):699–704.
198. Hietanen J, Paasonen MR, Kuhlefelt M, Malmstrom M. A retrospective study of oral lichen planus patients with concurrent or subsequent development of malignancy. Oral Oncol 1999;35(3):278–82.
199. Krutchkoff DJ, Eisenberg E. Lichenoid dysplasia: a distinct histopathologic entity. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1985;60(3):308–15.
200. Lovas JGI, Harsanyi BB, El Generdy AK. Oral lichenoid dysplasia: a clinicopathologic analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1989;68(1):57–63.
201. Silverman S Jr, Lozada-Nur F, Migliorati C. Clinical efficacy of prednisone in the treatment of patients with oral inflammatory ulcerative diseases: a study of 55 patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1985;59:360–3.
202. Lozada-Nur F, Silverman S Jr. Topically applied fluocinonide in an adhesive base in the treatment of oral vesiculoerosive diseases. Arch Dermatol 1980;116(8):898–901.
203. Lozada-Nur F, Huang MZ. Open preliminary clinical trial of clobetasol proprionate ointment in adhesive paste for treatment of chronic vesiculoerosive disease. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1991;71:283–7.
204. Plemons JM, Rees TD, Zachariah NY. Absorption of a topical steroid and evaluation of adrenal suppression in patients with erosive lichen planus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1990;69(6):688–93.
205. Giustina TA, Stewart JCB, Ellis CN, et al. Topical application of isotretinoin gel improves oral lichen planus. A double-blind study. Arch Dermatol 1986;122(5):534–6.
206. Camisa C, Allen CM. Treatment of oral erosive lichen planus with systemic isotretinoin. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1986;62(4):393–6.
207. Bollag W, Ott F. Treatment of oral lichen planus with temarotene. Lancet 1989;21;2(8669):974.
208. Eisen D, Ellis CN, Duell EA, et al. Effect of topical cyclosporine rinse on oral lichen planus: a double-blind analysis. N Engl J Med 1990;323(5):290–4.
209. Frances C, Boisnic S, Etiennes C, Szpirglas H. Effect of the local topical application of cyclosporine A on chronic erosive lichen planus of the oral cavity. Dermatologia 1988;177(3):194–5.
210. Balato N, DeRosa S, Bordone F, et al. Dermatological application of cyclosporine A. Arch Dermatol 1989;125(10):1430–1.
211. Koch P, Bahmer FA. Oral lesions and symptoms related to metals used in dental restorations: a clinical, allergological, and histologic study. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;41(3 Pt 1): 422–30.
212. Finne KAJ, Goransson K, Winckler L. Oral lichen planus and contact allergy to mercury. Int J Oral Surg 1982;11(4):236–9.
213. Eversole LK, Ringer M. The role of dental restorative metal in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1984;57(4):383–7.
214. Weedon D. The lichenoid tissue reaction. Int J Dermatol 1982;21:203.
215. B3):140–2.
224. Regezi JA, Sciubba JJ. Oral pathology: clinical pathologic correlations. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1999. p. 99–101,104.
225. Bez C, Lodi G, Sardella A, et al. Oral lichenoid lesions after thalidomide treatment. Dermatology 1999;199(2):195.
226. Woo SB, Lee SJ, Schubert MM. Graft-vs.-host disease. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1997;8(2):201–16.
227. Sale GE, Shulman HM, Schubert MM, et al. Oral and ophthalmic pathology of graft versus host disease in man: predictive value of the lip biopsy. Hum Pathol 1981; 12(11):1022–30.
228. Peck GL, Herzig GP, Elias PM. Toxic epidermal necrolysis in a patient with graft-vs-host reaction. Arch Dermatol 1972;105(4):561–9.
229. Schubert MM, Sullivan KR, Truelove EL. Head and neck complications of bone marrow transplantation. In: Petersen DE, Elias EG, Sonis ST, editors. Head and neck management of the cancer patient. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff; 1986. p. 401.
230. Nakamura S, Hiroki A, Shinohara M, et al. Oral involvement in chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1996;82(5):556–63.
231. Schubert MM, Sullivan KM. Recognition, incidence, and management of oral graft-versus-host disease. NCI Monogr 1990;9:135–43.
232. Rodu B, Gockerman JP. Oral manifestations of the chronic graft-vs-host reaction. JAMA 1983;249(4):504–7.
233. Nagler R, Marmary Y, Krausz Y, et al. Major salivary gland dysfunction in human acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Bone Marrow Transplant 1996;17(2):219–24.
234. Kanda Y, Arai C, Chizuka A, et al. Pyogenic granuloma of the tongue early after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma 2000;37(3–4):445–9.
235. Lee L, Miller PA, Maxymiw WG, et al. Intraoral pyogenic granuloma after allogeneic bone marrow transplant. Report of three cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1994;78(5):607–10.
236. Schubert MM, Sullivan KM, Morton TH, et al. Oral manifestations of chronic graft-vs-host disease. Arch Intern Med 1984;144(8):1591–5.
237. Majorana A, Schubert MM, Porta F, et al. Oral complications of pediatric hematopoietic cell transplantation: diagnosis and management. Support Care Cancer 2000;8(5):353–65.
238. Lloid ME, Schubert MM, Myerson D, et al. Cytomegalovirus infection of the tongue following marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 1994;14(1):99–104.
239. Redding SW, Callander NS, Haveman CW, Leonard DL. Treatment of oral chronic graft-versus-host disease with PUVA therapy: case report and literature review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1998;86(2):183–7.
240. Epstein JB, Nantel S, Sheoltch SM. Topical azathioprine in the combined treatment of chronic oral graft-versus-host disease. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000;25(6):683–7.
241. Brown RS, Flaitz CM, Hays GL, Trejo PM. The diagnosis and treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus with oral manifestations only. A case report. Compendium 1994;15(6): 724,726–8,730.
242. Shafer WG, Hine MK, Levi BM. A textbook of oral pathology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1983. p. 269, 842.
243. Burge SM, Frith PA, Juniper RP, Wojnarowski F. Mucosal involvement and systemic and chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 1989;121(6):727–41.
244. Rossi A, Euzzauto MT. Association of lichen planus and discoid lupus erythematosus: the clinical and histolopathologic study of two cases. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 1990;125(12):583–91.
245. Karjalinen TK, Tomich CE. Pathologic study of oral mucosal lupus erythematosus. Oral Surg 1989;67(5):547–54.
246. Parodi A, Mussone C, Cacciapuoti M, et al. Measuring the activity of disease in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 2000;142(3):457–60.
247. Meyer U, Kleinheinz J, Gaubitz M, et al. [Oral manifestations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.] Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir 1997;1(2):90–4.
248. Vitali C, Doria A, Tincani A, et al. International survey on management of patients with SLE. I. General data on the participating centers and the results of a questionnaire regarding mucotaneous involvement. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1996;14 Suppl 16:S1722.
249. Nagler RM, Wilber M, Ben-Arieh Y, et al. Generalized periodontal involvement in a younger patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 1999:8(9):770–2.
250. Gonzales TS, Coleman CG. Periodontal manifestations of collagen vascular disorders. Periodontol 2000 1999;Oct 21:94–105.
251. Mutlu S, Richards A, Maddison P, Scully C. Gingival and periodontal health in systemic lupus erythematosus. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1993;21(3):158–61.
252. Bhaskar SN. Lymphoepithelial cysts of the oral cavity. Oral Surg 1996;21:120.
253. Buchner A, Hansen LS. Lymphoepithelial cysts of the oral cavity. Oral Surg 1980;50:441.
254. Giunta J, Cataldo E. Lymphoepithelial cysts of the oral mucosa. Oral Surg 1973;35:77.
255. Mogi K. Ectopic tonsillar tissue in the muscoa of the floor of the mouth simulating a benign tumor. Case report. Aust Dent J 1991;36(6):456–8.
256. Sewerin I, Praetorius F. Keratin-filled pseudocysts of ducts of sebaceous glands in the vermillion border of the lip. J Oral Pathol 1974;3(6):279–83.
257. Halperin V, Kolas S, Jefferis KR, et al. The occurrence of Fordyce spots, benign migratory glossitis, median rhomboid glossitis and fissured tongue in 2,478 dental patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1953;6:1072.
258. Sewerin I. The sebaceous glands in the vermillion border of the lips and in the oral mucosa of man. Acta Odonto Scand Suppl 1975;33:1.
259. Daley TD. Intraoral sebaceous hyperplasia. Diagnostic criteria. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1993;75(3):343–7.
260. Batsakis JG, el-Naggar AK. Sebaceous lesions of salivary glands and oral cavity. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1990;99(5 Pt 1):416–8.
261. Lipani C, Woytash JJ, Greene GW Jr. Sebaceous adenoma of the oral cavity. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1983;41(1):56–60.
262. Orlian AI, Salman L, Reddi T, et al. Sebaceous adenoma of the oral mucosa. J Oral Med;1987;42(1):38–9.
263. Chehade A, Daley TD, Wysocki GP, Miller AS. Peripheral odontogenic keratocyst. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1994;77(5):494–7.
264. Shear M. Developmental odontogenic cyst. An update. J Oral Pathol Med 1994;23(1):1–11.
265. Ikemura K, Kakinoki Y, Inshio K, Suenaga Y. Cysts of the oral mucosa in newborns: a clinical observation. J UOEH 1983;1(52):163–8.
266. Tolson GE, Czuszak A, Billman MA, Lewis DM. Report of a lateral periodontal cyst and gingival cyst occurring in the same patient. J Periodontal 1996;67(5):541–4.
267. Buchner A, Hansen LS. The histomorphologic spectrum of the gingival cyst in the adult. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1979;48:532–9.
268. Catalvo E, Berkman MB. Cysts of the oral mucosa in newborns. Am J Dis Child 1968;11Hietanen J, Salo OP, Kanerva L, Juvakoski T. Study of the oral mucosa in 200 consecutive patients with psoriasis. Scan J Dent Res 1984;92(4)50–4.
279. Marks R, Simons MJ. Geographic tongue: a manifestation of atopy. Br J Dermatol 1979;101(2):159–62.
237. Majorana A, Schubert MM, Porta F, et al. Oral complications of pediatric hematopoietic cell transplantation: diagnosis and management. Support Care Cancer 2000;8(5):353–65.
238. Lloid ME, Schubert MM, Myerson D, et al. Cytomegalovirus infection of the tongue following marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 1994;14(1):99–104.
239. Redding SW, Callander NS, Haveman CW, Leonard DL. Treatment of oral chronic graft-versus-host disease with PUVA therapy: case report and literature review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1998;86(2):183–7.
240. Epstein JB, Nantel S, Sheoltch SM. Topical azathioprine in the combined treatment of chronic oral graft-versus-host disease. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000;25(6):683–7.
241. Brown RS, Flaitz CM, Hays GL, Trejo PM. The diagnosis and treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus with oral manifestations only. A case report. Compendium 1994;15(6): 724,726–8,730.
242. Shafer WG, Hine MK, Levi BM. A textbook of oral pathology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1983. p. 269, 842.
243. Burge SM, Frith PA, Juniper RP, Wojnarowski F. Mucosal involvement and systemic and chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 1989;121(6):727–41.
244. Rossi A, Euzzauto MT. Association of lichen planus and discoid lupus erythematosus: the clinical and histolopathologic study of two cases. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 1990;125(12):583–91.
245. Karjalinen TK, Tomich CE. Pathologic study of oral mucosal lupus erythematosus. Oral Surg 1989;67(5):547–54.
246. Parodi A, Mussone C, Cacciapuoti M, et al. Measuring the activity of disease in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 2000;142(3):457–60.
247. Meyer U, Kleinheinz J, Gaubitz M, et al. [Oral manifestations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.] Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir 1997;1(2):90–4.
248. Vitali C, Doria A, Tincani A, et al. International survey on management of patients with SLE. I. General data on the participating centers and the results of a questionnaire regarding mucotaneous involvement. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1996;14 Suppl 16:S1722.
249. Nagler RM, Wilber M, Ben-Arieh Y, et al. Generalized periodontal involvement in a younger patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 1999:8(9):770–2.
250. Gonzales TS, Coleman CG. Periodontal manifestations of collagen vascular disorders. Periodontol 2000 1999;Oct 21:94–105.
251. Mutlu S, Richards A, Maddison P, Scully C. Gingival and periodontal health in systemic lupus erythematosus. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1993;21(3):158–61.
252. Bhaskar SN. Lymphoepithelial cysts of the oral cavity. Oral Surg 1996;21:120.
253. Buchner A, Hansen LS. Lymphoepithelial cysts of the oral cavity. Oral Surg 1980;50:441.
254. Giunta J, Cataldo E. Lymphoepithelial cysts of the oral mucosa. Oral Surg 1973;35:77.
255. Mogi K. Ectopic tonsillar tissue in the muscoa of the floor of the mouth simulating a benign tumor. Case report. Aust Dent J 1991;36(6):456–8.
256. Sewerin I, Praetorius F. Keratin-filled pseudocysts of ducts of sebaceous glands in the vermillion border of the lip. J Oral Pathol 1974;3(6):279–83.
257. Halperin V, Kolas S, Jefferis KR, et al. The occurrence of Fordyce spots, benign migratory glossitis, median rhomboid glossitis and fissured tongue in 2,478 dental patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1953;6:1072.
258. Sewerin I. The sebaceous glands in the vermillion border of the lips and in the oral mucosa of man. Acta Odonto Scand Suppl 1975;33:1.
259. Daley TD. Intraoral sebaceous hyperplasia. Diagnostic criteria. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1993;75(3):343–7.
260. Batsakis JG, el-Naggar AK. Sebaceous lesions of salivary glands and oral cavity. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1990;99(5 Pt 1):416–8.
261. Lipani C, Woytash JJ, Greene GW Jr. Sebaceous adenoma of the oral cavity. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1983;41(1):56–60.
262. Orlian AI, Salman L, Reddi T, et al. Sebaceous adenoma of the oral mucosa. J Oral Med;1987;42(1):38–9.
263. Chehade A, Daley TD, Wysocki GP, Miller AS. Peripheral odontogenic keratocyst. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1994;77(5):494–7.
264. Shear M. Developmental odontogenic cyst. An update. J Oral Pathol Med 1994;23(1):1–11.
265. Ikemura K, Kakinoki Y, Inshio K, Suenaga Y. Cysts of the oral mucosa in newborns: a clinical observation. J UOEH 1983;1(52):163–8.
266. Tolson GE, Czuszak A, Billman MA, Lewis DM. Report of a lateral periodontal cyst and gingival cyst occurring in the same patient. J Periodontal 1996;67(5):541–4.
267. Buchner A, Hansen LS. The histomorphologic spectrum of the gingival cyst in the adult. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1979;48:532–9.
268. Catalvo E, Berkman MB. Cysts of the oral mucosa in newborns. Am J Dis Child 1968;11Hietanen J, Salo OP, Kanerva L, Juvakoski T. Study of the oral mucosa in 200 consecutive patients with psoriasis. Scan J Dent Res 1984;92(4)50–4.
279. Marks R, Simons MJ. Geographic tongue: a manifestation of atopy. Br J Dermatol 1979;101(2):159–62.
280. Waltimo J. The geographic tongue during a year of oral contraceptive cycles. Br Dent J 1991;171(3–4):94–6.
281. Patki AH. Geographic tongue developing in a patient on lithium carbonate therapy. Int J Dermatol 1992;31(5):368–9.
282. Kaplin I, Moskona D. A clinical survey of oral soft tissue lesions in institutionalized geriatric patients in Israel. Gerodontology 1990,9(2):59–62.
283. Suzuki N, Seiko K, Shiota T, et al. Fundamental and clinical studies of long-acting amoxicillin granules in oral and maxillofacial surgery infections. Jpn J Antibiot 1983;36(2):452–63.
284. Donta AN, Lampadakis J, Pilalitos P, Spyropoulos ND. [Findings from the clinical examination of the oral cavity of 100 drug addicts.] Hell Stomatol Chron 1989;33(2):101–5.
285. Manabe M, Lim HW, Winzer M, Loomis CA. Architectural organization of the filiform papilla in normal and black hairy tongue epithelium: dissection of differentiation pathways in a complex human epithelium according to their keratin expression. Arch Dermatol 1999;135(2):177–81.
286. Mirbod SM, Ahing SI. Tobacco-associated lesions of the oral cavity: part I nonmalignant lesions. J Can Dent Assoc 2000; 66(5):252–6.
287. Heymann WR. Psychotropic agent-induced black hairy tongue. Cutis 2000;66(1):25–6.
288. Andersson G, Vala EK, Curval M. The influence of cigarette consumption and smoking machine yields of tar and nicotine on the nicotine uptake and oral mucosal lesions in smokers. J Oral Pathol Med 1997;26(3):117–23.
289. Langtry JA, Car MM, Steele MC, Ivy FA. Topical tretinoin: a new treatment for black hairy tongue (lingua villosa nigra). Clin Exp Dermatol 1992;17(3):163–4.
290. McGregor JM, Hay RJ. Oral retinoids to treat black hairy tongue. Clin Exp Dermatol 1993;18(3):291.
291. Zain RB, Ikeda N, Gupta PC, et al. Oral mucosal lesions associated with betel quid, areca nut and tobacco chewing habits: consensus from a workshop held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, November 25–27, 1996. J Oral Pathol Med 1999;28:1–4.
292. Rajendran R. Oral submucous fibrosis: etiology, pathogenesis, and future research. Bull World Health Organ 1994; 72(6):985–96.
293. Gupta PC, Hebert JR, Bhonsle RB, et al. Dietary factors in oral leukoplakia and submucous fibrosis in a population-based case control study in Gujarat, India. Oral Dis 1998;4(3):200–6.
294. Norton SA. Betel: consumption and consequences. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;38(1):81–8.
295. Sinor PN, Gupta PC, Murti PR, et al. A case-control study of oral submucous fibrosis with special reference to the etiologic role of areca nut. J Oral Pathol Med 1990;19(2):94–8.
296. Haque MF, Harris M, Meghji S, Barrett AW. Immunolocalization of cytokines and growth factors in oral submucous fibrosis. Cytokine 1998;10(9):713–9.
297. Shah N, Sharma PP. Role of chewing and smoking habits in the etiology of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF): a case-control study. J Oral Pathol Med 1999;28(1):1–4.
298. Pindborg JJ, Murti PR, Bhonsle RB, et al. Oral submucous fibrosis as a precancerous condition. Scand J Dent Res 1984;92(3):224–9.
299. Murti PR, Bhonsle RB, Pindborg JJ, et al. Malignant transformation rate in oral submucous fibrosis over a 17-year period. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1985;13(6):340–1.
300. Pindborg JJ, Mehta FS, Daftary DK. Incidence of oral cancer among 30,000 villagers in India in a 7-year follow-up study of oral precancerous lesions. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1975;3(2):86–8.
301. VanWyk CW. Oral submucous fibrosis. The South African experience. Indian J Dent Res 1997;8(2):39–45.
302. Oliver AJ, Radden BG. Oral submucous fibrosis. Case report and review of the literature. Aust Dent J 1992; 37(1):31–4.
303. Haque MF, Harris M, Meghji S, Speight PM. An immunohistochemical study of oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 1997;26(2):75–82.
304. Borle RM, Borle SR . Management of oral submucous fibrosis: a conservative approach. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1991;49(8):788–91.
305. Khanna JN, Andrade NN. Oral submucous fibrosis: a new concept in surgical management. Report of 100 cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1995;24(6):433–9.
306. Le PV, Gornitsky M, Domanowski G. Oral stent as treatment adjunct for oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1996;81(2):148–50.
281. Patki AH. Geographic tongue developing in a patient on lithium carbonate therapy. Int J Dermatol 1992;31(5):368–9.
282. Kaplin I, Moskona D. A clinical survey of oral soft tissue lesions in institutionalized geriatric patients in Israel. Gerodontology 1990,9(2):59–62.
283. Suzuki N, Seiko K, Shiota T, et al. Fundamental and clinical studies of long-acting amoxicillin granules in oral and maxillofacial surgery infections. Jpn J Antibiot 1983;36(2):452–63.
284. Donta AN, Lampadakis J, Pilalitos P, Spyropoulos ND. [Findings from the clinical examination of the oral cavity of 100 drug addicts.] Hell Stomatol Chron 1989;33(2):101–5.
285. Manabe M, Lim HW, Winzer M, Loomis CA. Architectural organization of the filiform papilla in normal and black hairy tongue epithelium: dissection of differentiation pathways in a complex human epithelium according to their keratin expression. Arch Dermatol 1999;135(2):177–81.
286. Mirbod SM, Ahing SI. Tobacco-associated lesions of the oral cavity: part I nonmalignant lesions. J Can Dent Assoc 2000; 66(5):252–6.
287. Heymann WR. Psychotropic agent-induced black hairy tongue. Cutis 2000;66(1):25–6.
288. Andersson G, Vala EK, Curval M. The influence of cigarette consumption and smoking machine yields of tar and nicotine on the nicotine uptake and oral mucosal lesions in smokers. J Oral Pathol Med 1997;26(3):117–23.
289. Langtry JA, Car MM, Steele MC, Ivy FA. Topical tretinoin: a new treatment for black hairy tongue (lingua villosa nigra). Clin Exp Dermatol 1992;17(3):163–4.
290. McGregor JM, Hay RJ. Oral retinoids to treat black hairy tongue. Clin Exp Dermatol 1993;18(3):291.
291. Zain RB, Ikeda N, Gupta PC, et al. Oral mucosal lesions associated with betel quid, areca nut and tobacco chewing habits: consensus from a workshop held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, November 25–27, 1996. J Oral Pathol Med 1999;28:1–4.
292. Rajendran R. Oral submucous fibrosis: etiology, pathogenesis, and future research. Bull World Health Organ 1994; 72(6):985–96.
293. Gupta PC, Hebert JR, Bhonsle RB, et al. Dietary factors in oral leukoplakia and submucous fibrosis in a population-based case control study in Gujarat, India. Oral Dis 1998;4(3):200–6.
294. Norton SA. Betel: consumption and consequences. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;38(1):81–8.
295. Sinor PN, Gupta PC, Murti PR, et al. A case-control study of oral submucous fibrosis with special reference to the etiologic role of areca nut. J Oral Pathol Med 1990;19(2):94–8.
296. Haque MF, Harris M, Meghji S, Barrett AW. Immunolocalization of cytokines and growth factors in oral submucous fibrosis. Cytokine 1998;10(9):713–9.
297. Shah N, Sharma PP. Role of chewing and smoking habits in the etiology of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF): a case-control study. J Oral Pathol Med 1999;28(1):1–4.
298. Pindborg JJ, Murti PR, Bhonsle RB, et al. Oral submucous fibrosis as a precancerous condition. Scand J Dent Res 1984;92(3):224–9.
299. Murti PR, Bhonsle RB, Pindborg JJ, et al. Malignant transformation rate in oral submucous fibrosis over a 17-year period. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1985;13(6):340–1.
300. Pindborg JJ, Mehta FS, Daftary DK. Incidence of oral cancer among 30,000 villagers in India in a 7-year follow-up study of oral precancerous lesions. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1975;3(2):86–8.
301. VanWyk CW. Oral submucous fibrosis. The South African experience. Indian J Dent Res 1997;8(2):39–45.
302. Oliver AJ, Radden BG. Oral submucous fibrosis. Case report and review of the literature. Aust Dent J 1992; 37(1):31–4.
303. Haque MF, Harris M, Meghji S, Speight PM. An immunohistochemical study of oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 1997;26(2):75–82.
304. Borle RM, Borle SR . Management of oral submucous fibrosis: a conservative approach. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1991;49(8):788–91.
305. Khanna JN, Andrade NN. Oral submucous fibrosis: a new concept in surgical management. Report of 100 cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1995;24(6):433–9.
306. Le PV, Gornitsky M, Domanowski G. Oral stent as treatment adjunct for oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1996;81(2):148–50.